LCD - Biomarkers for Oncology (L35396) (2023)

Related information


See the local coverage article: Billing and Coding: Biomarkers for Oncology, (DA52986) for documentation requirements, usage parameters and all coding information.

See Also
Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (L36234)

Information sources


The Contractor is not responsible for the continued availability of the listed sites.

Other Contractor Policies

Noridian Local Coverage Determination (LCD), DL36380 - MolDX: Test na raka piersi: Prosigna

contracted medical directors

Bibliography

  1. Xing M, Liu R, Liu X et al. BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations collectively identify the most aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma with the highest recurrence.J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(25):2718-2726. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.55.5094.
  2. Xing M, Alzahrani AS, Carson KA et al. Association between BRAF V600E mutation and recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma.J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(1):42-50. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8253.
  3. Laborier E, Shifrin A, Busseniers AE et al. Molecular testing of miRNA, mRNA, and DNA by fine needle aspiration improves the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(7):2743-2750. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1158.
  4. Giordano TJ, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Shinde R et al. Molecular testing of oncogenic gene mutations in thyroid lesions: a case-control validation study in 413 postoperative specimens.Hum Pathol. 2014;45(7):1339-1347.
  5. Landa I, Ganly I, Chan TA et al. Frequent somatic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: higher incidence in advanced disease.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(9):E1562-E1566. doi10.1210/jc.2013-2383.
  6. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Guidelines® & Clinical Resources: About the NCCN Biomarkers Compendium®. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/biomarkers/default.aspx. Accessed on August 12, 2019.
  7. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN® Clinical Guidelines and Resources: NCCN Consensus and Evidence Categories. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician gls/categories ofconsensus.aspx. Accessed on August 12, 2019.
  8. JAK2 NCCN 2A evaluation page for ALL.
  9. JAK1 NCCN 2A evaluation page for ALL.
  10. Feng J, Li Y, Jia Y et al. Spectrum of somatic mutations detected by targeted next-generation sequencing and their prognostic significance in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Journal of Hematology and Oncology. 2017;10(61):1-4. doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0431-1.
  11. Forero-Castro M, Robledo C, Benito R et al. Mutations in TP53 and JAK2 are independent prognostic biomarkers in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.BJC. 2017;117:256-265. doi:10.1038/bjc2017.152.
  12. Herold T, Schneider S, Metzeler K et al. Adults with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia usually have IGH-CRLF2 and JAK2 mutations, minimal residual disease persistence, and a poor prognosis.Hematology. 2017;102(1):130-138.
  13. Flex E, Valentina P, Stella L et al. Somatically acquired JAK1 mutations in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.JEM. 2008;206(4):751-758. doi: org/10.1084/jem.20072182.
  14. Li Q, Li B, Hu L et al. Identification of a novel functional JAK1 S646P mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Oncoalvo. 2017;8(21):34687-34697.
  15. Zhang J, Ding L, Holmfeldt L et al. Genetic history of early precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia.Nature. 2012;481:157-163. doi:10.1038/natura10725.
  16. Roll JD, Reuther GW. CRLF2 and JAK2 in B progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a novel association in oncogenesis.AACR. 2010;70(19):7347-7352.
  17. Weigert O, Lane AA. Genetic resistance to JAK2 enzyme inhibitors is overcome by HSP90 inhibition.JEM. 2012;209(2):259-273. doi:10.1084/jem.20111694.
  18. A Compendium of NCCN-TP53 Biomarkers for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  19. Bochtler T, Granzow M, Stölzel F et al. Marker chromosomes may arise from chromotripsis and predict a poor prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia.Blood.2017;129(10):1333-1342. doi:10.1182/sangue-2016-09-738161.
  20. Ohgami RS, Ma L, Merker JD et al. Next-generation sequencing of acute myelogenous leukemia identifies the importance of TP53, U2AF1, ASXL1 and TET2 mutations.Mod Pathol. 2015;28(5):706-714. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014.160.
  21. Boddu P, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F et al. Outcomes of low-intensity therapy in TP53-mutated acute myelogenous leukemia.nice lymphoma. 2018:1-4. doi:10.1080/10428194.2017.1422864
  22. Rücker FG, Schlenk R, Bullinger L et al. TP53 changes in complex karyotype acute myelogenous leukemia correlate with specific changes in copy number, monosomal karyotype, and dismal outcome.Blood. 2012;119(9):2114-2121. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-08-375758.
  23. Terada K, Yamaguchi H, Ueki T et al. The search for full-length TP53 mutations in acute myelogenous leukemia is of increasing importance as a prognostic factor.Ana hematol. 2018;97:51-61. doi:10.1007/s00277-017-3143-2.
  24. Fernandez-Pol S, Ma L, Ohgami RS et al. Immunohistochemistry for p53 is a useful tool to identify cases of current myelogenous leukemia with myelodysplasia-related lesions that are TP53 mutated, have a complex karyotype, and have a poor prognosis.modern pathology. 2017;30:382-392.
  25. Lal R, Lind K, Heltzer E et al. TP53 somatic mutations characterize preleukemic stem cells in acute myelogenous leukemia.Blood. 2017;129(18):2587-2591. doi:10.1182/sangue-2016-11-751008.
  26. Lehmann S, Bykov VJ, Ali D et al. Targeting p53 in vivo: the first human study with the p53 targeting compound APR-246 in resistant hematologic and prostate cancers.J Clin Concol. 2012;30(29):3633-3639. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.40.7783.
  27. Deneberg S, Cherif H, Lazarevic V et al. Open-label Phase I dose discovery study of APR-246 in hematologic malignancies.Blood. July 2016;6:e447. doi:10.1038/bcj.2016.60
  28. Welch JS, Petti AA, Miller CA et al. TP53 and decitabine in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.N English J Med. 2016;375(21):2023-2036. doi:10.1056/NEJMcal605949.
  29. NCCN ABL1 T315I for chronic myelogenous leukemia
  30. Baer C, Kern W, Koch S et al. Ultra-deep sequencing leads to earlier and more sensitive detection of T315I tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance mutations in chronic myelogenous leukemia.Hematology. 2016;101(7):830-838. doi:10.3324/hematol.2016.145888.
  31. Chahardouli B, Zaker F, Mousavi SA et al. Evaluation of T315I mutation frequency in patients with imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.Hematology. 2013;18(3):158-162.
  32. Gupta P, Kathawala RJ, Wei L et al. PBA2, a novel inhibitor of the imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL T3151 mutation in chronic myelogenous leukemia.Rak Lett. 2016;383(2):220-229. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.025.
  33. Pagnano KB, Bendit I, Boquimpani C et al. BCR-ABL mutations in chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and impact on survival.invest in cancer. 2015;33(9):451-458. Doi:10.3109/07357907.2015.1065499.
  34. Soverini S, Colarossi S, Gnani A et al. Dasatinib resistance in patients with positive Philadelphia leukemia and the presence or selection of mutations at residues 315 and 317 in the BCR-ABL kinase domain.Hematology. 2007;92(3):401-404.
  35. Zhang H, Liang Z, Hu Y et al. Efficacy of the combination of interferon-α and imatinib in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia with T215I BCR-ABL1 mutation.nice lymphoma. April 2018;4:1-2. Doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1443329.
  36. Xu LP, Xu ZL, Zhang XH et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia with T315I BCR-ABL mutation.Bone Marrow Biotransplantation. 2016;22(6):1080-1086. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.03.012.
  37. Cortes JE, Kim DW, Pinilla-Ibarz J et al. Phase 2 Ponatinib Chromosome Positive Leukemia Trial.N English J Med. 2013;369(19):1783-1796. doi:10.1056/NEJMoal306494.
  38. Mitchell R, Hopcroft LEM, Baquero P et al. Targeting BCR-ABL-independent TKI resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia by inhibiting mTOR and autophagy.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(5):467-478. doi:10.1093/jnci/djx236.
  39. Jurcek T, Razga F, Mazancova P et al. Prospective analysis of BCR-ABL1 T315I low-level mutation in CD34+ cells from patients with de novo chronic myelogenous leukemia.nice lymphoma. 2014;55(8):1915-1917. Doi: 10.3109/10428194.2013.842988.
  40. NCCN BRAF for hairy cell leukemia
  41. Andrulis M, Penzel R, Weichert W, et al. The use of antibodies specific for the BRAF V600E mutation in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia.Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(12):1796-1800.
  42. Arcaini L, Zibellini S, Boveri E et al. BRAF V600E mutation in hairy cell leukemia and other mature B cell neoplasms.Blood. 2016;119(1):188-191. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-08-368209.
  43. Boyd EM, Bench AJ, van 't Veer MB et al. High-resolution fusion analysis for the detection of BRAF mutations in exon 15 in hairy cell leukemia and other cancers of the lymphatic system.Br J Hematol. 2011;155(5):609-612. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08868.x.
  44. Tiacci E, Trifonov V, Schiavoni G et al. BRAF mutations in hairy cell leukaemia.N English J Med. 2011;364(24):2305-2315. doi:10.1056/JEJMoa1014209.
  45. Arora N, Nair S, Pai R et al. Viral homolog B (BRAF) mutation of murine sarcoma V-raf in hairy cell leukemia.Microbiol indiano J Pathol. 2015;58(1):62-65. Doi: 10.4103/0733-4929.151190.
  46. Rider T, Powell R, Gover R et al. Molecular detection of BRAF-V600E is superior to flow cytometry in assessing disease in hairy cell leukemia.Hematol Oncol. 2014;32(3);158-161.doi:10.1002/hon.2097.
  47. Shao H, Calvo KR, Gronborg M et al. Distinguishing variant hairy cell leukemia from hairy cell leukemia: Development and validation of diagnostic criteria.good res. 2013;37(4):401-409. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.021.
  48. Dietrich S, Pircher A, Endris V et al. BRAF inhibition in hairy cell leukemia with low-dose vemurafenib.Blood. 2016;127(23):2847-2855. doi:10.1182/sangue-2015-11-680074.
  49. Tiacci E, Park JH, De Carolis, L, et al. Targeting mutant BRAF with vemurafenib in relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia.N English J Med. 2015;33(18):1733-1747. doi:10.1056/JEJMoal506583.
  50. Vergote V, Dierickx D, Janssens A et al. Rapid and complete haematological response or hairy cell leukemia resistant to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib.Ana hematol. 2014;93(12):2087-2089. doi:10.1007/s00277-014-2104-2.
  51. Pettirossi V, Santi A, Imperie E et al. BRAF inhibitors reverse the unique molecular signature and phenotype of hairy cell leukemia and exert potent antileukemic effects.Blood. 2015;125(8):1207-1216. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-10-603100.
  52. NCCN Biomarker Compendium, 2A classification for KIT and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)
  53. NCCN Compendium of Biomarkers, Classification 2A for TP53 and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
  54. Fontalba A, Real PJ, Fernandez-Luna JL et al. Identification of mutations in the c-Kit gene in patients with polycythemia vera.Bela Res.2006;30(10):1325-1326. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2005.12.020.
  55. Kimura A, Nakata Y, Katoh O et al. c-Kit Point Mutation I Patients with myeloproliferative disorders.nice lymphoma. 1997;25(3-4):281-287.
  56. Nakata Y, Kimura A, Katoh O et al. extracellular domain c-kit mutation in patients with myeloproliferative disorders.Br J Hematol. 1995;91(3):661-663.
  57. Siitonen T, Savolainen ER, Koistlinen P. C-Kit proto-oncogene expression in myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes.Leukemia. 1994;8(4):631-637.
  58. Harutyunyan A, Klampfl T, Cazzola M et al. p53 changes in leukemic transformation.N English J Med. 2011;364(5):488-490.
  59. Lundberg P, Karow A, Nienhold R et al. Clonal evolution and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms.Blood. 2014;123(14):2220-2228. doi:10.1182/sangue-2013-11-537167.
  60. Rampal R, Ahn J, Abdel-Wahab O, Nahas M, et al. Genomic and functional analysis of the leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms.Proc Natl Acad Sci EUA. 2014;111(50):E5401-5410. doi:10.1073/pnas.1407792111.
  61. Tefferi A, Lasho TL, Guglielmelli P et al. Targeted deep sequencing in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.adv. blood. 2016;1(1):21-30. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000216.
  62. Vainchenker W, Delhommeau F, Constantinescu SN, et al. New mutations and pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms.Blood. 2011;118(7):1723-1735. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-02-292102.
  63. NCCN Biomarker Compendium, Grade 2A for STAT3 and T-cell Large Lymphocytic Leukemia
  64. NCCN Biomarker Compendium, Grade 2A for STAT5B and T-Cell Large Lymphocytic Leukemia
  65. Andersson E, Kuusanmäki H, Bortoluzzi S et al. Activation of somatic mutations outside the SH2 domain of STAT3 in LGL leukemia.Leukemia. 2016;30(5):1204-1208. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.263.
  66. Bilori B, Thota S. Klemens MJ et al. Tofacitinib as a new rescue therapy for refractory T-cell large granule lymphocytic leukemia.Leukemia. 2015;29(12):2427-2429. doi:10.1038/leu.2015.280.
  67. Fasan A, Kern W, Grossman V et al. STAT3 mutations are highly specific for large granular lymphocytic leukemia.Leukemia. 2013;27(7):1598-1600. doi:10.1038/leu.2012.350.
  68. Koskela HL, Eldfors S, Ellonen P et al. Somatic STAT3 mutations in large granular lymphocytic leukemia.N English J Med. 2012;366(20):1905-1913.
  69. Kristensen T, Larsen M, Rewes A et al. Clinical relevance of sensitive and quantitative STAT3 mutation analysis using next-generation sequencing in large granular T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.J Mol Diagn. 2014;16(4):382-392. doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.02.005.
  70. Loughran TP, Zickl L, Olson TL et al. Immunosuppressive therapy for LGL leukemia: a phase II prospective multicenter study by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E5998).Leukemia. 2015;29(4):886-894. doi:10.1038/leu.2014.298.
  71. Morgan EA, Lee MN, DeAngelo DJ and others. Systematic sequencing of STAT3 in patients with unexplained cytopenias identifies unexpected large granular lymphocytic leukemia.adv. blood. 2017;1(21):1786-1789. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017011197.
  72. Qui ZY, Fan L, Wang R et al. Methotrexate therapy on the effect of STAT3 mutation large granular T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.Oncoalvo. 2016;7(38):61419-61425.
  73. Rajala HL, Olson T, Clemente MJ et al. Analysis of clonal diversity and response to therapy using the STAT3 mutation as a molecular marker in large granule lymphocytic leukemia.Hematology. 2015;100(1):91-99. doi:10.3324/hematol.2014.113142.
  74. Rajala HL, Porkka K, Maciejewski JP et al. Unraveling the pathogenesis of large granular lymphocytic leukemia - novel STAT3 and STAT5b mutations.Anna Med. 2014;46(3):144-122. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.882105.
  75. Sanikommu SR, Clemente MJ, Chomczynski P et al. Clinical features and outcomes in large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL).nice lymphoma. 2018;99(2):416-422. doi:10.1080/10428194.201.1339880.
  76. Shi M, He R, Feldman AL et al. STAT3 mutation and its clinical and histopathological correlation in large granular T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.Hum Pathol. March 2018;73:74-81. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.014.
  77. Andersson EI, Tanahashi T, Sekiguchi N et al. High incidence of STAT5B activating mutations in CD4 positive T cells with large granular lymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2016;128(20):2465-2468. doi:10.1182/sangue-2016-06-724856.
  78. Rajala HL, Eldfors S, Kuusanmaki H et al. Discovery of STAT5b somatic mutations in large granular lymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2013;121(22):4541-4550. doi:10.1182/sangue-2012-12-474577.
  79. Thol F, Kade S, Schlarmann C et al. Frequency and prognostic impact of mutations in the SRSF2, U2AF1 and ZRSR2 genes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.Blood. 2012;119(15):3578-3584. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-12-399337.
  80. Hou HA, Liu CY, Kuo YY et al. Splicing after mutations predicts a poor prognosis in patients with de novo acute myelogenous leukemiaOncoalvo. 2016;7(8):9084-9101.
  81. Damm F, Kosmider O, Gelsi-Boyer V et al. Mutations that affect mRNA splicing define different clinical phenotypes and correlate with patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes.Blood. 2012;119(14):3211-3218. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-12-400994.
  82. Barbosa TC, Andrade FG, Lopes BA. Effect of mutations in the FLT3, PTPN11 and RAS genes on overall survival in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children in Brazil.nice lymphoma. 2014;55(7):1501-1509. doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.847934.
  83. Jones D, Woyach JA, Zhao W et al. PLCG2 C2 domain mutations co-occur with BTK and PLCG2 resistance mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib.Leukemia. 2017;31(7):1645-1647.
  84. Trinquand A, Tanguy-Schmidt A, Ben Abdelali R et al. Towards a NOTCH1/FBXW7/RAS/PTEN-based oncogenetic risk classification of adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: study group in the study of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.J Clin Oncol. December 1, 2013;31(34):4333-42.
  85. Dunna NR, Vuree S, Anuradha C et al. NRAS mutations in acute de novo leukemia: incidence and clinical significance.Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. June 2014;51:207-210.
  86. Te Raa, GD, Derks IA, Navrkalova V et al. Effect of SF3B1 mutations in CLL on the DNA damage response.Leukemia. 2015;29(5):1133-1142. doi:10.1038/leu.2014.318.
  87. Woyach JA, Bojnik E, Ruppert AS et al. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) function is important for the development and spread of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Blood. 2014;123(8):1207-1213. doi:10.1182/sangue-2013-07-515361.
  88. NCCN Guideline 4.2019 MS-13 Bladder Cancer
  89. Davidson PJ, McGeoch G, Shand B. Incorporation of a bladder cancer molecular marker into the clinical hematuria test pathway may reduce the need for cystoscopy.NZMJ. 2019;132(1497):55-64.
  90. Konety B, Shore N, Kader AK et al. Bladder evaluation and resolution of atypical cytology and inconclusive cystoscopy.European urology76. 2019:238-243. two: 10.1016/euro.2019.04.035.
  91. Irving J, Matheson E, Minto L et al. Ras pathway mutations are common in childhood relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and confer sensitivity to MEK inhibition.Blood. 2014;124(23):3420-3430. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-04-531871.
  92. Oshima K, Khiabanian H, da Silva-Almeida AC, et al. The mutational landscape, patterns of clonal evolution, and the role of RAS mutations in relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia.PNAS. 2016;113(40):11306-11311. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608420113.
  93. Trinquand A, Tanguy-Schmidt A, Abdelali, RB et al. Towards NOTCH1/FBXW7/RAS/PTEN-based oncogenetic risk classification in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: study group in the adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia study.J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(34):4333-4342. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.48.5292.
  94. Irving JA, Enshaei A, Parker CA et al. Integration of genetic and clinical risk factors improves the prognosis of relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.Blood. 2016;128(7):911-922. doi:10.1182/sangue-2016-03-704973.
  95. Asnafi V, Buzyn A, LeNoir S et al. The NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutation identifies a large subset with a favorable outcome in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): a study group for the study of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GRAALL).Blood. 2009;113(17):3918-3924. doi:10.1182/sangue-2008-10-184069.
  96. Abdelali RB, Asnafi V, Leguay T et al. Intensive pediatric-inspired adult T-ALL therapy reveals a favorable outcome for NOTCH/FBXW7 mutations but not low ERG/BAALC expression: the GRAALL study.Blood. 2011;118(19):5099-5107. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-02-334219.
  97. Baldus CD, Thibaut J, Goekbuget, N et al. Prognostic implications of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations in adult T lymphoblastic leukemia.Hematology. 2009;94(10):1383-1390. doi:10.3324/hematol.2008.005272.
  98. Breit S, Stanulla M, Flohr T et al. Activation of the NOTCH1 mutation predicts favorable response to early treatment and long-term outcome in childhood T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.Blood. 2006;108(4):1151-1157. doi:10.1182/sangue-2005-12-4956.
  99. Jenkinson S, Koo K, Mansour MR et al. Impact of NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations on outcomes in children with treated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the MRC UKALL 2003 study.Leukemia. 2013;27:41-47. doi:10.1038/leu.2012.176.
  100. Liu RB, Guo JG, Liu TZ et al. Meta-analysis of clinical features and prognostic significance of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Oncoalvo. 2017;8(39):66360-66370.
  101. Natarajan V, Bandapalli OR, Rajkumar T et al. NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations promote better outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in South Indian T-cell children.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;37(1):23-30.
  102. Valliyammai N, Nancy NK, Sagar TG et al. Study of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations and their prognostic significance in South Indian T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018;40(1):1-8.
  103. Weng AP, Ferrando AA, Lee W et al. Activation of the NOTCH1 mutation in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Science. 2004;306(5694):269-271. doi:10.1126/science.1102160.
  104. Eisfeld AK, Kohlschmidt J, Mrożek K et al. Adult acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 11 as the only abnormality is characterized by the presence of five distinct genetic mutations: MLL-PTD, DNMT3A, U2AF1, FLT3-ITS, and IDH2.Leukemia. 2016;30:2254-2258. doi:10.1038/leu.2016.196.
  105. Karimi M, Nilsson C, Dimitriou M et al. High-throughput mutation screening provides clinically important information about myelodysplastic syndromes and secondary or therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia.Hematology. 2015;100:e225.
  106. Saygin C, Hirsch C, Przychodzen B, et al. Mutations in DNMT3A, U2AF1, and EZH2 identify patients with intermediate-risk acute myelogenous leukemia with poor prognosis after CR1.Blood. 2018;8(4):1-12. doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0040-9.
  107. Larsson CA, Cote G, Quintas-Cardama A. The changing mutational landscape of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.Mol Cancer Res. 2013;11(8):815-827. doi:10.1158-1541-7786.MCR-12-0695.
  108. Lindsley RC, Mar BG, Mazzola E et al. The acute ontogenesis of myeloid leukemia is defined by several somatic mutations.Blood. 2015;125(9):1367-1376. doi:10.1182/sangue-2014-11-610543.
  109. Zhang S, Rampal R, Manshouri T et al. Genetic analysis of patients with leukemic transformation from myeloproliferative neoplasms shows recurrent SRSF2 mutations that are associated with a poor prognosis.Blood. 2012;119(9):4480-4485. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-11-390252.
  110. Zheng X, Zhan Z, Naren D et al. Prognostic value of SRSF2 mutations in patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndromes: a meta-analysis.PLoS one. 2017;12(9):1-12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185053.
  111. Alhourani E, Othman M, Melo JB et al. BIRC3 alterations in patients with chronic and acute B-cell lymphocytic leukemia.Oncol. 2016;11:3240-3246. doi:10.3892/ol.2016.4388.
  112. Chiaretti S, Marinelli M, Del Giudice I et al. NOT CH1, SF3B1, BIRC3 and TP53 mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia undergoing first-line therapy: correlation with biological parameters and response to treatment.nice lymphoma. 2014;55(12):2785-2792. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.898760.
  113. Cortese D, Sutton LA, Cahill N et al. Towards the "CLL prognostic indicator": focus on TP53, BIRC3, SF3B1, NOTCH1, and MYD88 in the population cohort.Leukemia. 2014;28(3):710-713. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.333.
  114. Raponi S, Del Giudice, Ilari C et al. Biallelic inactivation of BIRC3 in patients with 11q deletion chronic lymphocytic leukemia identifies a subgroup with very aggressive disease.Br J Hematol, 2018;185(1):156-162. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15405.
  115. Rossi D, Fangazio M, Rasi S et al. Interruption of association of BIRC3 with chemofraction of fludarabine in TP53 wild-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2012;119(12):2854-2862. doi:10.1182/sangue-2011-12-395673.
  116. Rossi D, Gaidano G. Molecular genetics of high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Specialist Rev Hematol. 2012;5(6):593-607. doi: 10.1586/ehm.12.58.
  117. Rossi D, Rasi S, Spina V et al. Integrated mutational and cytogenetic analysis identifies new prognostic subgroups in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2013;121(8):1403-1412.
  118. Ahn IE, Underbayev C, Albitar A et al. Clonal evolution leading to ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2017;129(11):1469-1479. doi:10.1182/sangue-2016-06-719294.
  119. Albitar A, Ma W, DeDios I et al. The use of high-sensitivity sequencing to detect mutations in the BTK and PLCy2 genes in cellular and extracellular DNA and correlate with progression in patients treated with BTK inhibitors.Oncoalvo. 2017;8(11):17936-17944.
  120. Landau DA, Sun C, Rosebrock D et al. Evolutionary panorama of chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with targeted therapy with ibrutinib.Common Nat.2017;8(2185):1-12. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02329-y.
  121. Sharma S, Galanina N, Guo A et al. Identification of a structurally novel BTK mutation leading to ibrutinib resistance in CLL.Oncoalvo. 2016;7(42):68833-68841.
  122. Woyach JA, Furman RR, Liu TM et al. Mechanisms of resistance to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib.N English J Med. June 2014;370:2286-2294. doi:10.1056/NEJMoal400029.
  123. Woyach JA, Ruppert AS, Guinn D et al. BTKC481S-mediated resistance to ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(13):1437-1443. doi:10.1200/JCCO.2016.70.2282.
  124. Baliakas P, Hadzidimitriou A, Sutton LA et al. Recurrent mutations improve prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemiaLeukemia. 2015;29(2):329-326.
  125. Jeromin S, Weissmann S, Haferlach C et al. SF3B1 mutations correlated with cytogenetics and mutations in NOTCH1, FBXW7, MYD88, XPO1, and TP53 in 1160 untreated CLL patients.Leukemia. 2014;28(1):108-117. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.263.
  126. Oscier DG, Rose-Zerilli MJ, Winkelmann N et al. Clinical significance of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations in the UK LRF CLL4 study.Blood.2013;121(3):468-475. doi:10.1182/sangue-2012-05-429282.
  127. Puente XS, Bea S, Valdes-Mas R et al. Recurrent non-coding mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Nature. 2015;526:519-524 doi:10.1038/natura14666.
  128. Putowski M, Podgórniak M, Piróg M, et al. Prognostic effect of NOTCH1, MYD88 and SF3B1 mutations in Polish patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Pol Arch Intern Med. 2017;127(4):238-244. doi:10.20452/pamw.3998.
  129. Stilgenbauer S, Schnaiter A, Paschka P et al. Genetic mutations and chronic lymphocytic leukemia outcomes: results from the CLL8 trial.Blood. 2014;123(21):3247-3254. doi:10.1182/sangue-2014-01-546150.
  130. Quesada V, Conde L, Villamor N et al. Exome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations of the SF3B1 splicing factor gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Nata Genet. 2012;44(1):47-52. doi:10.1038/ng.1032.
  131. Takahashi K, Hu B, Wang F et al. Clinical implications of cancer gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with lenalidomide.Blood. 2018;131(16):1820-1832.
  132. Wang L, Lawrence MS, Wan Y et al. SF3B1 and other novel cancer genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.N English J Med. 2011;365(26):2497-2506.
  133. Bellanger D, Jacquemin V, Chopin M et al. Recurrent JAK1 and JAK3 somatic mutations in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Leukemia. 2014;28(2):417-419. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.271.
  134. Greenplate A, Wang K, Tripathi RM et al. Genomic profiling of T-cell tumors reveals frequent JAK1 and JAK3 mutations preventing cloning of targeted therapies.JCO Precis Oncol. 2018;(2):1-16. doi:10.1200/PO.17.00019.
  135. Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Rolland D et al. Integrated genomic sequencing reveals the mutational landscape of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Blood. 2014;124(9):1460-1472. doi:10.1182/sangue-2014-03-559542.
  136. Laribi K, Lemaire P, Sandrini J. et al., Advances in the understanding and treatment of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Oncoalvo. 2017;8(61):104664-104686.
  137. Bergmann AK, Schneppenheim S, Seifert M, et al. Recurrent JAK3 mutation in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2014;53(4):309-316. Doi: 10.1002/gcc.22141.
  138. López C, Bergmann AK, Paul U et al. Genes encoding components of the JAK-STAT pathway or epigenetic regulators are mutated multiple times in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Br J Hematol, 2016;173(2):265-273. doi: 10.1111/bjh.13952.
  139. Stengel A, Kern W, Zenger M et al. Genetic characterization of T-PLL reveals two major biological subgroups and JAK3 mutations as a prognostic marker.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2016;55(1):82-94. doi:10.1002/gcc.22313.
  140. Agrawal N, Akbani R, Aksoy B et al. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Cell. 2014;159(3):676–690. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.050.
  141. Parameswaran R, Brooks S, Sadler GP. Molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancers originating from follicular cells.International Journal of Surgery. 2010;8(3):186-193. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.01.005.
  142. Censi S, Cavedon E, Bertazza L et al. Frequency and significance of Ras, tert promoter, and Braf mutations in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules: a monocentric case series in a tertiary endocrinology department.Frontiers of endocrinology. 2017;8:273. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00273.
  143. Wylie D, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Haynes BC, Giordano TJ, Labourier E. Molecular classification of thyroid lesions by a combination of miRNA gene expression assays and somatic gene alterations.Track J: Clin Res. 2016;2(2):93-103. doi:10.1002/cjp2.38.
  144. Nikiforova MN, Wald AI, Roy S, Durso MB, Nikiforov YE. Targeted next-generation sequencing panel (ThyroSeq) for mutation detection in thyroid cancer.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;95(11):E1852-E1860. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2292.
  145. Nikiforov YE, Carty SE, Chiosea SI et al. Highly accurate cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules with follicular cancer/cytology suspected of follicular cancer with ThyroSeq v2 Next Generation Sequencing Test.Rak. 2014;120(23):3627-3634. doi:10.1002/cnrc.29038.
  146. Steward DL, Carty SE, Sippel RS et al. Performance of a multigene genomic classifier in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. A prospective, blinded, multicenter study.JAMA Onkol. 2019;5(2):204-212. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4616.
  147. Murugan AK, Xing M. Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas contain new oncogenic mutations of the ALK gene.American Association for Cancer Research. 2011;71(13):4403-4411. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4041.
  148. Yakushina VD, Lerner LV, Lavrov AV. Gene fusions in thyroid cancer.Thyroid. 2018;28(2):158-167. doi:10.1089/y.2017.0318.
  149. Liu X, Bishop J, Shan Y. et al. TERT promoter mutations highly prevalent in aggressive thyroid cancers.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2013;20(4):603-610. doi:10.1530/ERC-13-0210.
  150. Melo M, da Rocha AG, Vinagre J et al. TERT promoter mutations are an important indicator of poor prognosis in differentiated thyroid cancers.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(5):E754-E765. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3734.
  151. Liu R, Bishop J, Zhu G, Zhang T, Ladenson P, Xing M. Mortality risk stratification by combining BRAF V600E promoter and TERT mutations in a genetic duo of BRAF promoter and TERT mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma.JAMA Onkol. 2017;3(2):202-208. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.3288.
  152. Liu R, Xing M. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2016;23(3):R143-R155. doi:10.1530/ERC-15-0533.
  153. Stransky N, Cerami E, Schalm S, Kim J, Lengauer C. The landscape of fusion kinase in cancer.nature communication. 2014;5(4846):1-10. doi:10.1038/ncomms5846.
  154. Ricarte-Filho JC, Ryder M, Chitale DA et al. Mutational profiling of primary and advanced metastatic radioiodine-resistant thyroid carcinoma reveals the distinct pathogenetic roles of BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1.American Association for Cancer Research. 2009;69(11):4885-4893. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0727.
  155. Wu G, Mambo E, Guo Z et al. An unusual mutation, but common amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in thyroid tumors.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(8):4688-4693: doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2281.
  156. Tan MH, Mester JL, Ngeow J, Rybicki LA, Orloff MS, Eng. C. Lifetime cancer risk in people with germline PTEN mutations.Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(2):400-407. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2283.
  157. Dahia PLM, Marsh DJ, Zheng Z et al. Somatic deletions and mutations in the Cowden disease gene, PTEN, in sporadic thyroid tumors.Direct Resolution. 1997;57(21):4710-4713.
  158. Hsiao SJ, Nikiforov YE. A molecular approach to diagnosing thyroid cancer.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2014;21(5):T301-T313. doi:10.1530/ERC-14-0166.
  159. Jang EK, Song DE, Sim SY et al. NRAS mutation at codon 61 is associated with distant metastasis in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma.Thyroid. 2014;24(8):1275-1281. doi:10.1089/y.2014.0053.
  160. Cantara S, Capezzone M, Marchisotta. et al. The impact of detecting proto-oncogenic mutations in cytology specimens of thyroid nodules improves the diagnostic accuracy of cytology.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1365-1369. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2103.
  161. Wohllk N, Cote GJ, Bugalho MMJ et al. The importance of RET proto-oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(10):3740-3745.
  162. Marsh DJ, Learoyd DL, Andrew SD and others. Somatic mutations in the RET proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.Clinical Endocrinology. 1996;44(3):249-257.
  163. Świerniak M, Pfeifer A, Stokowy T et al. Somatic mutation profiling of follicular thyroid carcinoma by next-generation sequencing.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. June 2016;433:130-137. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.007.
  164. Yin D, Yu K, Lu R et al. Clinicopathological significance of TERT promoter mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical Endocrinology. 2016;85:299-305. doi:10.1111/cen.13017.
  165. NCCN Guidelines Version 4.2019 Bladder Cancer
  166. American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and American Board of Internal Medicine. Making smart decisions about genetic testing. Choose wisely. https://www.choosingwisely.org/patient-resources/making-smart-decisions-about-genetic-testing/. Published October 2015. Accessed September 30, 2019.
  167. Abdul-Maksoud RS, Shalaby SM, Elsayed WS et al. Cytokeratin and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expressions and their association with prognostic variables in bladder cancer.Gen. 2016; 591: 320-326.
  168. Abraham D, Jackson N, Gundara JS et al. MicroRNA profiling of hereditary and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer identifies predictors of lymph node metastasis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.Cancer Clinical Research. 2011; 1: 4772–4781.
  169. Abubaker J, Jehan Z, Bavi P et al. Clinicopathological analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma with PIK3CA lesions in a Middle Eastern population.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93(2): 611-618.
  170. Akerley WL, Nelson RE, Cowie RH et al. Effect of a serum-based proteomic mass spectrometry assay on treatment recommendations for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Current research and medical opinions.2013; 29(5): 517-25.
  171. Al-Ahmadie HA, Iyer G, Janakiraman M et al. A somatic mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) defines a distinct morphologic subtype of high-grade urothelial carcinoma.Patol J. 2011; 224: 270-279.
  172. Albain K, Barlow W, Shak S et al. The prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence test in postmenopausal women with nodal metastatic estrogen receptor breast cancer on chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of a randomized trial.Lancet Oncol.2010; 11: 55-65.
  173. Albitar M, Manshouri, Kantarjian H, et al. Correlation between lower C-MPL protein expression and favorable cytogenetic clusters in acute myelogenous leukemia.Leukemia research.1999; (23): 63-69.
  174. Alexander EK, Kennedy GC, Zubair WB et al. Preoperative diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules with unspecified cytology.New England Journal of Medicine. 2012; 367: 705-15.
  175. Alexander EK, Schorr M, Klopper J et al. Multicentric experience with the Afirma gene expression classifier.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 2014; 99(1): 119-25.
  176. Ali SZ, Cibas ES.Bethesda Thyroid Cytology Reporting System. Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. Nova York, Springer. 2010.
  177. Allegra C, Jessup J, Somerfield R et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Preliminary Clinical Opinion: KRAS Gene Mutation Testing in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Predict Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Therapy.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2009; 27 (12): 2091-2096.
  178. An HJ, Kim KI, Kim JY et al. Microsatellite instability in endometrial-type endometrial adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognostic indicators.Am J Surg Pathol.2007; 31: 846-853.
  179. Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.N English J Med. 2004; 350(23): 2343-2351.
  180. Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjunctive therapy for stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial.J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 3109-3116.
  181. Aparicio AM, Shen L, Tapia EL et al. Combined tumor suppressor defects characterize clinically defined aggressive prostate cancer variants.Clin Cancer Res. 2016; 22(6): 1520-1530.
  182. Arcila ME, Chaft JE, Nafa K et al. Prevalence, clinicopathological associations and molecular spectrum of ERBB2 tyrosine kinase (HER2) mutations in lung adenocarcinomas.Clin Cancer Res. 2012; 18(18): 4910-4918.
  183. Arcila M, Drilon A, Sylvester B et al. MAP2K1 (MEK1) mutations define a distinct subset of smoking-related lung adenocarcinoma. Author's manuscript.Clin Cancer Res. 2015: 21(8): 1935-1943.
  184. Asari R , Passler C , Kaczirek K , et al. Hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a prospective study.surgery files. 2008; 143(2): 132-137.
  185. Asnis-Alibozek A, Fine M, Russo P et al. The cost of treating malignant and benign kidney tumors.American Journal of Management Care.2013; 19(8): 617-624.
  186. Avet-Loiseau H, Li C, Magrangeas F, et al. The prognostic significance of copy number changes in multiple myeloma.J.Clin. oncologist. 2009; 27: 4585-4590.
  187. Bacher U, Kern W, Oatmeal Ci in.Cyclin D1 (CCND1)Messenger RNA expression evaluated by real-time PCR contributes to the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mantle cell lymphoma.Experimental hematology.2013; 41(12): 1028-1037.
  188. Bae JS, Kim Y, Jeon S et al. Clinical utility of TERT promoter mutations and ALK rearrangements in thyroid cancer patients with high prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations.diagnostic pathology. 2016;11(21): 1-10.
  189. Bagrodia A, Cha EK, Sfakianos JP et al. Genomic biomarkers to predict stage and prognosis of upper respiratory tract urothelial carcinoma. Author's manuscript.J Urol. 2016; 195(6): 1684-1689.
  190. Baik CS, Myall NJ and Wakelee HA. Targeting BRAF mutant non-small cell lung cancer: from molecular profiling to rationally designed therapy.Oncologist. 2017;22: 786-796.
  191. Bain B. Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 abnormalities.Hematology.2010; 95:696-698.
  192. Bains A, Luthra R, Medeiros L, Zuo Z. FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes: frequency and potential predictive value for progression of acute myelogenous leukemia.Am J Clin Pathol.2011; 135: 62-69.
  193. Ball D.W. Medullary thyroid cancer: monitoring and therapy.Endocrinology Metabolism Clin North Am. 2007; 36 (3): 823–837.
  194. Balschun K, Haag J, Wenke AK, et al. KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA Exon 20 and BRAF genotypes in synchronous and metachronous primary colorectal cancer, diagnostic and therapeutic implications.The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2011;13 (4): 436-445.
  195. Baro C, Espinet B, Salido M et al. Mysterious rearrangements of IGH/BCL2 with variant FISH patterns in vesicles.Leukemia research.2011; 35(2):256-259.
  196. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism and function.Cell. 2004; 116: 281–297.
  197. Bartoletti R, Cai T, Nesi G et al. Loss of expression of P16 and chromosome 9p21 LOH in predicting the prognosis of patients with superficial bladder cancer.J Surg Res. 2007; 143: 422-427.
  198. Base RC, Hans L, Urban N et al. Translational crossroads for biomarkers.Clin Cancer Res.2005; 11: 6103. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2213.
  199. Baysan M, Bozdag S, Cam M et al. Predicting the G-Cimp status of glioblastoma samples using mRNA expression data.PLOS ONE.2012; 7 (11): 1-10.
  200. Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Alexander EK, Guttler RB et al. Tests for centralized molecular mutation of oncogenic genes complement the local cytopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodule.Thyroid. 2014; 24(10): 1479-1487.
  201. Beltran H, Prandi D, Mosquera JM et al. Divergent clonal evolution of castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer.nature's medicine. 2016; 22(3):298-305.
  202. Berggren P, Steineck G, Adolfsson J et al. P53 mutations in bladder cancer.british journal of cancer. 2001; 84 (11): 1505-1511.
  203. Bergethon K, Shaw AT, Ou Shi et al. ROS1 rearrangements define a unique molecular class of lung cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(8): 863-870.
  204. Berruti A, Amoroso V, Gallo F et al. Pathologic complete response as a potential proxy for clinical outcome in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy: a meta-regression of 29 prospective randomized studies.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2014; 32(34): 3883-3891.
  205. Besaratinia A and Pfeifer GP. Uveal melanoma and GNA11 mutations: a new piece added to the puzzle.news and views. 2010: 18-20.
  206. Bettendorf O, Schmidt H, Staebler A et al. Chromosomal imbalance, loss of heterozygosity and immunohistochemical expression of TP53, RB1 and PTEN in intraductal carcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive prostate adenocarcinoma.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008; 47: 565-572.
  207. Biekowski M, Piaskowski S, Stoczyska-Fidelus E, et al. Screening for EGFR amplification by a new method and its importance for treatment outcome in patients with glioblastoma.PLOS ONE.2013; 8 (6): 1-10.
  208. Billerey C, Chopin D, Aubriot-Lorton MH et al. Frequent FGFR3 mutations in non-invasive papillary bladder tumors (pTa).I am J Pathol. 2001; 158(6): 1955-1959.
  209. Bioulac-Sage P, Sempoux C and Balabaud C. Hepatocellular adenoma: classification, variants and clinical significance.Diagnostic Pathology Seminars. 2017; 34: 112-125.
  210. Birkeland E, Wik E, Mjos S et al. Amplification and overexpression of the KRAS gene, but not mutation, is associated with aggressive and metastatic endometrial cancer.British Journal of Cancer.2012; 107: 1997-2004.
  211. Bischoff J, Ignatov A, Semczuk A, et al. hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation and MSI status in metastatic and non-metastatic human endometrial cancers.Reroll Clin Exp.2012; 29: 889-900.
  212. Bishop JA, Benjamin H, Cholakh H et al. Accurately classify non-small cell lung cancer using a novel microRNA-based approach.Clin Cancer Res.2010; 16(2): 610-19.
  213. Błaszyk H, Wang L, Dietmaier W et al. Upper urothelial carcinoma: clinical-pathological study including analysis of microsatellite instability.Modern pathology.2002; 15(8): 790-797.
  214. Bo Wu, Schoedel K, Carty S et al. Accidental diagnosis of parathyroid damage through the preoperative use of new-generation molecular tests.World J Surg. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4548-3
  215. Bohm MR, Tsianakas A, Merte RL et al. Analysis of GNAQ and GNA11 mutations to support the treatment of choroidal melanoma with metastases to the contralateral orbit.JAMA Oftalmol. 2013; 131(6): 812-814.
  216. Bongiovanni M, Spitale A, Faquin WC et al. The Bethesda Thyroid Cytopathology Reporting System: A Meta-Analysis.Acta Cytologica. 2012; 56: 333–339.
  217. Bossuyt P, Reitsma J, Linnet K, et al. Beyond diagnostic accuracy: the clinical utility of diagnostic tests.Clinical Chemistry.2012; 58(12): 1636-1643.
  218. Bouscary D, Preudhomme C, Ribrag V et al. Prognostic value of c-mpl expression in myelodysplastic syndromes.Leukemia.1995; 9: 783-788.
  219. Bowen D, Frew M, Hills R et al. The RAS mutation in acute myelogenous leukemia is associated with distinct cytogenetic subgroups but does not affect outcomes in patients younger than 60 years of age.Blood.2005; 106 (6): 2113-2119.
  220. Boyd E, Bench A, Goday-Fernandez A et al. Clinical utility of routine MPL exon 10 analysis in the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis.British Journal of Hematology.2010; 149: 250-257.
  221. Breen V, Kasabov N, Kamat A et al. Holistic comparative analysis of diagnostic tests for urothelial carcinoma: Cxbladder Detect, Urovysion® FISH, NMP22® and multi-data imputation cytology.BMC Medical Research Methodology.2015; 15:45 doi:10.1186/s12874-015-0036-8.
  222. Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Erben P et al. High expression of CDKN2A/p16 and low expression of FGFR3 predict the progressive potential of pT1 epithelial bladder cancer.Genital Cancer Clinic. 2018: 1-9.
  223. Broderick D, Di C, Parrett T et al. PIK3CA mutations in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, high-grade astrocytomas and medulloblastomas.Cancer research.2004; 64(15):5048-5050.
  224. Broyl A, Snake D, Lokhorst H, et al. Gene expression profiling for molecular classification of multiple myeloma in newly diagnosed patients.Blood.2010; 116(14): 2543-2553.
  225. Brüggemann M, Gökbuget N, Kneba M. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: minimal monitoring of residual disease as a therapeutic principle.Oncology Seminars.2012; 39 (1): 47-57.
  226. Bruggemann M, van der Velden VHJ, Raff T et al. Rearranged T-cell receptor beta genes represent powerful targets for quantifying minimal residual disease in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adults.Leukemia2004; 18: 710-719.
  227. Brustugun OT, Khattak AM, Tromborg AK et al. BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer.Lung cancer.2014; 84: 36-38.
  228. Bucheit AD, Syklawer E, Jakob JA et al. Clinical features and outcomes with specific BRAF and NRAS mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma.Rak.2013;119(21):3821-9.
  229. Bullinger L, Kronke J, Schon C et al. Identification of acquired copy number changes and uniparental disomys in cytogenetically normal acute myelogenous leukemia using high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.Leukemia.2010; 24: 438-449.
  230. Burger M, van der Aa MN, van Oers JM et al. Prognosis of non-invasive bladder cancer progression according to 1973 and 2004 WHO classifications and FGFR3 mutation status: a prospective study.Eur Urol. 2008; 54: 835-844.
  231. Burken MI, Wilson KS, Heller K et al. Decision-making interface for Medicare insurance and new molecular laboratory tests.Gene Med.2009; 11(4): 225-31.
  232. Busch K, Keller T, Fuchs U et al. Identification of two distinct clusters of MYC breakpoints and their association with different regions of IGH breakpoints at t(8;14) translocations in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma.Leukemia.2007: 1739-1751.
  233. Cabanero M, Sangha R, Sheffield BS et al. Management of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: practical implications from a clinical and pathological perspective.Curr Oncol. 2017;24(2): 111-119.
  234. Cahill S, Smyth P, Denning K et al. Effect of the BRAFV600E mutation on transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in a model of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Molecular Cancer. 2007; 6:21.
  235. Cahill S, Smyth P, Finn SP et al. Effect of ret/PTC 1 rearrangement on transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in a model of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Molecular Cancer. 2006; 5:70.
  236. Calin GA, Ferracin M, Cimmino A et al. A microRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 353: 1793-1801.
  237. Campana D, Walter T, Pusceddu S et al. Correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and response to temozolmid-based therapy in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter retrospective observational study.Dokrewny.2017. Doi 10.1007/s12020-017-1474-3
  238. Campanella N, De Oliveira A, Scapulatempo-Neto C, et al. Biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).The latest patents for anticancer drug discovery.2013; 8 (3): 288-297.
  239. Cappetta M, Perez V, Zubillaga MN et al. Simultaneous detection of BCR-ABL translocation and JAK2 V617F mutation in five patients with myeloproliferative neoplasia at diagnosis.International Journal of Laboratory Hematology.2013; 35: e4-e5.
  240. Carbone DP, Ding K, Roder H et al. Prognostic and predictive role of Veristrat Plasma in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib or placebo in the BR.21 study of the NCIC clinical trial group.J Thorac Oncol.2012; 7(11): 1653-60.
  241. Carlson J, Roth J. Impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer test in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res and treatment of breast cancer. 2013; 14(1): 12-22.
  242. Care R, Valk P, Goodeve A et al. Occurrence and prognosis of c-KIT and FLT3 mutations in core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemias.British Journal of Hematology.2003; 121(5): 775-777.
  243. Carlson J, Roth J. Impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer test in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer treatment.2013; 14(1): 12-22.
  244. Cartwright T, Chao C, Lee M et al. The impact of 12-gene colorectal cancer test results on adjuvant treatment recommendations in patients with stage II colorectal cancer.Curr Med Res Opinion. 2014; 30(2): 321-328.
  245. Carvajal RD, Antonescu CR, Wolchok JD et al. KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma.JAMA. 2011; 305(22): 2327-34.
  246. Catto JWF, Xinarios G, Burton JL, Meuth M, Hamdy FC. Differential expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 is associated with bladder cancer grade, stage, and prognosis, but not with microsatellite instability.Int J Rak.2003; 105: 484-490.
  247. Chang SS, Boorjian SA, Chou R et al. Diagnosis and treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO guidelines.American Urological Association Education and Research. 2016: 1-45.
  248. Chaux A, Comperat E, Varinot J et al. High expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homologues are associated with tumor progression, tumor recurrence, and systemic metastasis in pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a tissue microarray study of 156 patients treated by transurethral resection.Urology. 2013; 81(1): 116-122.
  249. Chee CE, Meropol NJ. The current state of gene expression profiling for decision support in stage II colon cancer.Oncologist. 2014; 19(7): 704-711.
  250. Chen D, Zhang LQ, Huang JF et al. BRAF mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2014;9(6): e101354.
  251. Chen H, Sippel RS, Pacak K. NANETS consensus guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma.Pancreas.2010; 39(6): 775-783.
  252. Chen W, Huang Q. Detection of FLT3/ITD, JAK2(V617F) and NPM1 gene mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.Leukemia research.2009; 33(11): E207-E209.
  253. Chen YT, Kitabayashi N, Zhou XK et al. MicroRNA analysis as a potential diagnostic tool for papillary thyroid carcinoma.modern pathology. 2008; 21: 1139-1146.
  254. Chiaretti S, Tavolaro S, Chia EM, et al. Characterization of ABL1 expression in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by oligonucleotide array analysis.Hematologica/The Hematology Journal.2007; 92(5): 619-626.
  255. Chiaretti S, Vitale A, Cazzaniga G et al. Clinical-biological characteristics of 5,202 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in the Italian protocols AIEOP and GIMEMA and stratified by age group.Hematology.2013; 98(11):1702-1710.
  256. Chillón M, Santamaría C, Garcia-Sanz R, et al. Long internal tandem FLT3 duplications and reduced expression of PML-RARa at the time of diagnosis characterize a high-risk subgroup of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.Hematology.2010; 95: 745-751.
  257. Chou A, Fraser S, Toon CW et al. Detailed clinicopathological study of papillary thyroid carcinoma with ALK translocation.Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39:652-659.
  258. Chng WJ, Kuehl WM, Bergsage PL et al. The t(4:14) translocation retains prognostic significance even with a high-risk molecular signature. Letter to the editor.Leukemia.2007; 22: 459-461.
  259. Cho M, Oweity T, Brandler T et al. Distinguishing parathyroid and thyroid lesions during ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: correlation of clinical data, ancillary tests, and molecular analysis.cancer cytopathol. 2017;125: 674-82.
  260. Chou A, Fraser S, Toon CW et al. Detailed clinicopathological study of papillary thyroid carcinoma with ALK translocation. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39:652-659.
  261. Chua V, Lapadula D, Randolph C et al. Deregulated GPCR signaling and therapeutic options in uveal melanoma.Mol Cancer Res. 2017; 15(5): 501-506.
  262. Cibas ED, Ali SZ. Bethesda Thyroid Cytology Reporting System.American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2009; 132: 658-665.
  263. Cibas ES, Baloch ZW, Fellegara G et al. A prospective review identifying the limitations of pathologic evaluation of thyroid nodules.Annals of Internal Diseases. 2013; 159(5): 325-32.
  264. Cicarese C, Massari F, Blanca A et al. Tp53 and its potential therapeutic role as a target in bladder cancer.Specialization in therapeutic targets. 2017; 21(4): 401-414.
  265. Cigarlini S, Bonomi M, Corbo V et al. Profile of the mTOR pathway in neuroendocrine tumors.Target Oncol.2012; 7: 183-188.
  266. Coates A, Winer E, Goldhirsch A et al. Adapting therapies - improving early breast cancer care: St Gallen International Expert Consensus on Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015.Annals of Oncology Advance Access.2015; 26(8): 1-38.
  267. Cobain E, Hayes, D. Indications for prognostic profiling of gene expression in early breast cancer.current Treat. Options in Oncol.2015; 16(23): 1-14.
  268. Colamaio M, Cali G, Sarnataro D et al. Let-7a downregulation plays a role in follicular histotype thyroid cancers, affecting cell adhesion and migration through its ability to target the FXYD5 (dysadherin) gene.Journal of Clinical Endocrinolology Metabolism. 2012; 97: E2168–E2178.
  269. Colamaio M, Borbone E, Russo L et al. Down-regulation of miR 191 plays a role in follicular thyroid tumors by targeting CDK6.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 2011; 96: E1915 – E1924.
  270. Collaud S, Tischler V, Atanassoff A et al. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: correlation of ubiquitination and sumoylation with PTEN nucleus-cytosol division.Rak BMC. 2015 15(74): 1-10.
  271. College of American Pathologists (CAP), International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP). Guidelines for Molecular Screening for the Selection of Patients with Lung Cancer - 2016 Version Draft Recommendation. Accessed July 17, 2017: https://www.iaslc.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg-assets/5-20160616 capiaslcamplungguideline-2016 draftrecommendations_ocpfinal.pdf
  272. Colombo C, Bolshakov S, Hajibashi S et al. 'Difficult to diagnose' desmoid tumors: the potential role of CTNNB1 mutation analysis.Histopathology. 2011; 59: 336-340.
  273. Colombo C, Miceli R, Lazar AJ et al. CTNNB1 45F mutation is a molecular predictor of increased postoperative recurrence of primary desmoid tumor: an independent multicenter validation study.Rak. 2013; 3696-3702.
  274. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR et al. Revised American Thyroid Society guidelines for the management of patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.Thyroid.2009; 19(11): 1167-1214.
  275. Corbacioglu A, Scholl C, Schlenk R, et al. The prognostic impact of minimal residual disease inCBFB-MYH11-Positive acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2010; 28 (23): 3724-3729.
  276. Cordes I, Kluth M, Zygis D et al. PTEN deletions are associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in early bladder cancer.Histopathology. 2013; 63: 670-677.
  277. Cordon-Cardo C, Wartinger D, Petrylak D et al. Altered expression of a retinoblastoma gene product: a prognostic indicator in bladder cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992; 84(16): 1251-56.
  278. Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M et al. Complete pathologic response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: a pooled analysis of CTNeoBC.The name of the scientific medical journal.2014; 384: 164-172.
  279. Costa C, Pereira S, Lima L et al. Abnormal protein glycosylation and activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: role in bladder cancer prognosis and targeted therapies.PLoS One. 2015; 10(11): 1-19.
  280. Cros J, Hentic O, Rebours V et al. MGMT expression predicts response to temozolomide in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2016; 23(8): 625-633.
  281. Curtin J, Busam K, Pinkel D, Bastian B. KIT somatic activation in different melanoma subtypes.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2006; 24(26): 4340-4346.
  282. Damie R, Wasil T, Fais F et al. IgV gene mutation status and CD38 expression as new prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood.1999; 94 (6): 1840-1847.
  283. Daneshmand S, Bazargani S, Bivalacqua T, et. aluminum. Blue light cystoscopy for the diagnosis of bladder cancer: results from a US prospective multicenter registry.Urologic Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.04.013
  284. Daniilidou K, Frangou-Plemenou M, Grammatikakis J, et al. Prognostic significance and diagnostic value of PTEN and p53 expression in endometrial cancer. Retrospective clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical study.OK.2013; 18(1): 195-201.
  285. Daver N, Strati P, Jabbour E i in.FLT3Mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.American Journal of Hematology.2013; 88(1): 56-59.
  286. David S, Patil D, Alemozaffar M, et al. The use of cystoscopy by a urologist in patients with hematuria in the United States.Urology. 2017; 100: 20-26.
  287. Davies L, Welch GH. The rising incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002.JAMA. 2006; 295: 2164-2167.
  288. Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guidelines, American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines. 2012: 1-30.
  289. Dawson A, Bal S, McTavish B et al. 16q22 inversion and deletion determined by array CGH, FISH and RT-PCR in a patient with AML.Cancer genetics.2011; 204(6): 344-347.
  290. Dia F, Jorissen R, Lipton L et al. PIK3CA and PTEN Gene and Exon Mutation-specific Clinicopathological and molecular associations in colorectal cancer.Cancer Clinical Research.2013; 19(12): 3285-3296.
  291. Decaux O, Lode L, Magrangeas F et al. Predicting survival in multiple myeloma from gene expression profiles reveals cell cycle signatures and chromosomal instability in high-risk patients and hyperdiploid signatures in low-risk patients: the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome study.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2008; 26(24): 4798-4805.
  292. De Divitiis C, von Arx C, Grimaldi AM et al. Metronomic temozolomide as a second-line treatment for poorly differentiated metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer.J Transl Med. 2016; 14(113): 1-12.
  293. Dekking E, van der Velden V, Varro R et al. Immunobead Test flow cytometer for quick and easy detection of PML-RARA fusion proteins in the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.Leukemia.2012; 26: 1976-1985.
  294. Deng L, Chang D, Foshaug R et al. Development and validation of a high-throughput urinary metabolomic assay based on mass spectrometry for the detection of colonic adenomatous polyps.Metabolites. 2017; 7(32): 1-12. doi:10.3390/metabo7030032.
  295. Deng L, Fang H, Tso V et al. Clinical validation of a novel urine-based metabolomics test for the detection of colonic polyps in a Chinese population.Int J Large intestine. 2017; 32:741-743.
  296. Derks J, Leblay N, Lantuejoul S et al. A new look at the molecular characteristics of lung carcinoids and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and the impact on their clinical management.J Thorac Oncol. 2018: 1-15.
  297. Derks JL, Leblay N, Thunnissen E et al. Molecular subtypes of large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma predict outcome of chemotherapy treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 2018: 24(1): 33-42.
  298. De Roock W, Claes B, Bernasconi D et al. Impact of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab and chemotherapy in chemoresistant metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis.Lancet Oncol.2010;11(8): 753-62.
  299. Dettmer MS, Perren A, Moch H et al. MicroRNA profiling of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas - new diagnostic and prognostic insights.Thyroid. 2013; 23(11): 1383-1389.
  300. Devaraj P, Foroni L, Kitra-Roussos V et al. Detection of BCR-ABL and E2A-PBX1 fusion genes by RT-PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with defective or normal cytogenetics.British Journal of Hematology.1995: 349-355.
  301. Deverka P, Messner D, Dutta T. Center for Health Technology Policy Effectiveness Guidance. Evaluation of the clinical validity and clinical utility of molecular diagnostic tests applicable in adult oncology. Release date: May 1, 2013
  302. Di Narzo AF, Tejpar S, Rossi S et al. A test of four colon cancer risk scores on gene expression data from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded microarrays.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014; 106(10): 1-8.
  303. Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F et al. Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2008; 26 (35): 5705-5712.
  304. Di Noto R, Pardo C, Schiavone EM et al. Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit, CD117) is expressed on blast cells of most immature types of acute myeloid neoplasms, but is also a hallmark of a subset of acute promyelocytic leukemia.British Journal of Hematology.1996; 92(3):562-564.
  305. Dos Santos LC, da Costa Ribeiro JC, Silva NP et al. Cytogenetics, JAK2 and MPL mutations in polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia.Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter.2011; 33(6): 417-24.
  306. Dos Santos MT, Mitne-Neto M, Miyashiro K et al. Molecular genetic testing for JAK2V617F, Exon12_JAK2 and MPLW515K/L is highly informative in the evaluation of patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms negative for BCR-ABL1.J Clin Pathol.2014; 67: 176-178.
  307. Dougherty M, Santi M, Brose M et al. Activation of mutation inBRAFCharacterize the spectrum of low-grade gliomas in childhood.Neuro-Oncology.2010; 12(7):621-630.
  308. Downes, MR, Weening B and van Rhijn VW, et al. Analysis of papillary urothelial bladder carcinomas with heterogeneity in grade: evidence supporting an early role for CDKN2A deletion in the FGFR3 pathway.Histopathology. 2017; 70: 281-289.
  309. Dowsett M, Cuzick J, Wale C et al. Predicting distant recurrence risk using a 21-gene recurrence score in node-positive and node-negative postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen: the TransATAC study.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2010; 28(11): 1829-1834.
  310. Dowsett M, Sestak I, Lopez-Knowles E et al. Comparison of PAM50 relapse risk score with Oncotype DX and IHC4 to predict long-term recurrence risk after hormone therapy.J Clin Oncol.2013; 31: 2783-2790. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.46.1558. Epub 2013 July 1st.
  311. Duenas M, Martinez-Fernandez M, Garcia-Escudero R, et al. PIK3CA mutations in bladder cancer are common and are associated with a reduced rate of recurrence in non-muscle invasive tumors.carcinogenicidade molecular. 2015; 54: 566-576.
  312. Duick DS, Klopper JP, Diggans JC et al. Study results on endocrinologist patient decision to operate on patients with thyroid nodules with unspecified fine needle aspiration cytopathology.Thyroid. 2012; 22(10): 996-1001.
  313. Duployez N, Nibourel O, Marceau-Renaut A et al. Monitoring of minimal residual disease in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia based onRUNX1-RUNX1T1Fusion quantification in genomic DNA.American Journal of Hematology.2014; 89(6):1-6.
  314. Relatório do Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG).Lanceta.2012; 379: 432-434.
  315. Ecke TH, Sach MD, Lenk SV et al. TP53 gene mutations as an independent marker of bladder cancer progression.International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2008; 21: 655-661.
  316. Ecke TH, Schlechte HH, Hubsch A et al. TP53 mutation in prostate needle biopsies - comparison with observation of patients.res anticancer. 2007; 27: 4143-4148.
  317. Ecke TH, Schlechte HH, Schiemenz K, et al. TP53 gene mutations in prostate cancer progression.anticancer research. 2010; 30:1579-1586.
  318. Eisner R, Greiner R, Tso V et al. A machine-learned predictor of colonic polyps based on urinary metabolomics.BioMed Research International. 2013; 303982: 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/303982
  319. Erickson LA Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Atlas of Pathological Anatomy. 2014; 31-50.
  320. Espiritu SMG, Liu LY, Rubanova Y et al. The evolving landscape of localized prostate cancers leads to clinical aggression.Cell.2018; 173: 1-11.
  321. Estep AL, Palmer C, McCormick F, Rauen KA. Analysis of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 mutations in 15 ovarian cancer cell lines: implications for therapy.PLUS ALL.2007; 2(12): e1279.
  322. Estrella JS, Broaddus RR, Mathews A et al. Progesterone receptor and PTEN expression predict survival in patients with low- and intermediate-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Arch Pathol Med Laboratory. 2014; 138: 1027-1036.
  323. Fahy K, Augustyn L, Sanden M et al. Physicians' true perception of the effectiveness of pre-nephrectomy diagnostic biopsy as a factor in reducing unnecessary surgery for renal tumors.JKCVHL.2015; 2(1): 1-14.
  324. Fang SH, Efron JE, Berho ME et al. The stage II colon cancer dilemma and decision-making about adjuvant chemotherapy.J Am Coll Surg. 2014; 219(5): 1056-1069.
  325. Faquin W, Baloch ZW. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid follicular lesions: diagnosis, management, and follow-up as recommended by the National Cancer Institute (NCI).diagnostic cytopathology. 2010; 38: 731–739.
  326. Fekete M, Santiskulvong C, Eng C, Dorigo O. Effect of G1 arrest mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway on chemosensitization in ovarian cancer cells.Anticancer research.2012; 32: 445-452.
  327. FDA label for ROMA test (Fujirebio R Diagnostics, Inc.)
  328. FDA 510(K) approval document. September 6, 2013
  329. Feng YZ, Shiozawa T, Miyamoto T et al. BRAF mutation in endometrial cancer and hyperplasia: correlation with KRAS and p53 mutations and mismatch repair protein expression.Clin Cancer Res.2005; 11: 6133-6138.
  330. Filipits M, Nielsen T, Rudas M et al. The PAM50 recurrence risk score predicts the long-term risk of late recurrence after endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer.Clin Cancer Res.2014; 20(5): 1-8.
  331. Fonseca R, Bergasagel PL, Drach J et al. International Myeloma Working Group molecular classification of multiple myeloma.Leukemia.2009; 23: 2210-2221.
  332. Forconi F, Sozzi E, Cencini E et al. Hairy cell leukemias with non-mutated IGHV genes define a smaller subgroup resistant to cladribine monotherapy and with more aggressive behavior.Blood.2009;114 (21): 4696-4702.
  333. Franc B, de la Salmoniere P, Lange F et al. Inter- and intra-observation reproducibility in the histopathology of follicular thyroid carcinoma.human pathology. 2003; 34(11): 1092-100.
  334. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM et al. Incidence and distribution of cancer in patients with single and multiple thyroid nodules on ultrasonography.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 2006; 91: 3411–3417.
  335. Fridman E, Dotan Z, Barshack I et al. Precise molecular classification of kidney tumors using microRNA expression.J Mol Diagn.2010; 12(5): 687-96.
  336. Gale R, Green C, Allen C et al. InfluenceFLT3Level, number, size, and interaction with the inner mutant tandem duplicatorNPM1Mutations in a large cohort of young adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.Blood.2008; 111 (5): 2776-2784.
  337. Gale R, Hills R, Pizzey A et al. Association between FLT3 mutation status, biological features, and response to targeted therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia.Blood.2005; 106 (12): 3768-3776.
  338. Gallia G, Rand V, Siu I et al. PIK3CA gene mutations in pediatric and adult glioblastoma.Mol Cancer Res.2006; 4(10): 709-714.
  339. Gallucci MI, Guadagni F, Marzano R et al. Status of p53, p16, RB1 and HER-2 genes and chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 17 in advanced bladder cancer: correlation with adherent mucosa and pathological parameters.J Clin Pathol. 2005; 58: 367-71.
  340. Gao Q, Ye F, Xia X et al. Correlation between PTEN expression and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in endometrial cancer.Scientific medicine.2009; 29(1): 59-63.
  341. Gao T, Mei Y, Sun H et al. Association of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) deletions with prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy. 2016; 83:114-121.
  342. Gan X, Lin X, HeR et al. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of decreased p16 expression in patients with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Dis tags. 2016: 1-13.
  343. Garand R, Beldjord K, Cave H et al. Flow cytometry and quantitative IG/TCR PCR for quantification of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: French multicenter prospective study on behalf of FRALLE, EORTC and GRAALL.Leukemia.2013; 27: 370-376.
  344. Garcia-Rostan G, Costa AM, Pereira-Castro I et al. PIK3CA gene mutation in anaplastic thyroid cancer.Res. Direct.2005; 65: 10199-10207.
  345. Garcia-Saenz JA, Bermejo B, Estevez, G et al. SEOM Early Breast Cancer Clinical Guidelines 2015.Onkol Clinical Translation.2015: 17(12); 939-945. DOI 10.1007/s12094-015-1427-3.
  346. Garcon I, Libura M, Delabesse E i in.DEK-CANMolecular monitoring of myeloid malignancies can aid in therapeutic stratification.Leukemia.2005; 19: 1338-1344.
  347. Gazdar AF. EGFR activation and resistance mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: a role in the clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Oncogenes. 2009;28 (Appendix 1): pp24–p31.
  348. Geisler JP, Goodheart MJ, Sood AK et al. Defects in mismatch repair gene expression contribute to microsatellite instability in ovarian cancer.Rak.2003; 98: 2199-2206.
  349. George J, Walter V, Peifer M et al. Integrative genomic profiling of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas reveals distinct subtypes of high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors.Common Nat. 2018; 9(1048): 1-13.
  350. Geybels MS, Fang M, Wright JL et al. Loss of PTEN is associated with prostate cancer recurrence and changes in tumor DNA methylation profiles.Oncoalvo. 2017; 8(48): 84338-84348.
  351. Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R i in. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi oraz European Thyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice.endocrine practice. 2010; 16 (Supplement 1): 1-43.
  352. Gifford G, Paul J, Vasey PA et al. Acquisition of hMLH1 methylation in plasma DNA after chemotherapy predicts poor survival of patients with ovarian cancer.Clin Cancer Res.2004; 10: 4420-4426.
  353. Giordano TJ, Kuick R, Thomas DG et al. Molecular classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma: different gene expression profiles specific for BRAF, RAS and RET/PTC mutations discovered by DNA microarray analysis.Oncogenes.2005; 24: 6646-6656.
  354. Glaser AP, Fantini D, Shilatifard A et al. The evolving genomic landscape of urothelial carcinoma.Nature Reviews Urologia. 2017; 14: 215-229.
  355. Gleeson FC, Voss JS, Kipp BR et al. Evaluating the diversity of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cytology to guide personalized medicine using a next-generation custom gastrointestinal sequencing panel.Oncoalvo. 2017; 8(55): 93464-93475.
  356. Gnant M, Filipits M, Greil R et al. Predicting distant recurrence in receptor-positive breast cancer patients at limited clinicopathologic risk: using the PAM50 recurrence risk assessment in 1478 postmenopausal patients in the ABCSG-8 study treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone.Annals of Oncology. 2013; 00:1-7.
  357. Gnant M, Filipits M, Greil R et al. Predicting distant recurrence in receptor-positive breast cancer patients at limited clinicopathologic risk: using the PAM50 recurrence risk assessment in 1478 postmenopausal patients in the ABCSG-8 study treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone.Annals of Oncology. 2013 (Advanced Access released December 16, 2013).
  358. Gnant M., Sestak I, Filipits M. et al. Identification of clinically significant prognostic subgroups of postmenopausal women with node-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy: pooled analysis of ABCSG-8 and ATAC using PAM50 recurrence risk score and intrinsic subtype.Annals of Oncology. Initial access on May 1, 2015.
  359. Goebell PJ and Knowles MA. Bladder cancer or bladder cancer? Genetically distinct malignancies of the urinary tract epithelium.Urol Oncol. 2010; 28: 409-428.
  360. Goldhirsch A, Winer E, Coates A et al. Personalization of treatment for women with early breast cancer: highlights from the St. Gallen on the primary treatment of early breast cancer.Annals of Oncology.2013; 24: 2206-2223.
  361. Goldman JW, Shi P, Reck M et al. Treatment rationale and study design for the JUNIPER trial: Phase III randomized trial of best support of abemaciclib compared to best support of erlotinib in patients with KRAS mutant stage IV NSCLC who progressed after platinum platinum-based chemotherapy.clinical lung cancer. 2016; 17(1): 80-84.
  362. Gomez Saez JM. Diagnostic and prognostic markers in differentiated thyroid cancer.Current genomics.2011; 12: 597-608.
  363. Goyal B, Duncavage EJ, Martinez D et al. Next-generation sequencing of high-grade salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas identifies alterations in the RB1 and mTOR pathway.Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 2014; 97: 572-578.
  364. Goyle S, Maraveyas A. Chemioterapia raka jelita grubego.Dig Surg. 2005; 22: 401-414.
  365. Green C, Coo K, Hills R et al. Prognostic significanceCEBPAMutations in a large cohort of young adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: effect of CEBPA dual mutations and interaction withFLT3EUNPM1Mutations.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2010;28 (16): 2739-2747.
  366. Griewank KG, van de Nes J, Schilling B et al. Genetic and clinicopathological analysis of metastatic uveal melanoma.modern pathology. 2014; 27: 175-183.
  367. Gruber JJ, Colevas AD. Differentiated thyroid cancer: focus on new treatments for patients refractory to radioiodine.Oncologist. 2015; 20(2): 113-126. Epub 2015 January 23rd.
  368. Guikema J, deBoer C, Haralambieva E et al. IGH switch breakpoints in Burkitt's lymphoma: unique contribution of non-canonical class-switch recombination.Genes, chromosomes and cancer.2006; 45(9):808-819.
  369. Gunn S. Mohammed MS, Gorre ME et al. Genomic wide scanning by comparative genomic array hybridization as a clinical tool for risk assessment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.J. Mol. diag.2008; 10:442-451.
  370. Haessler J, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F et al. The benefit of a complete response in multiple myeloma is limited to a high-risk subgroup identified by gene expression profiling.Clin Cancer Res.2007; 13(23): 7073-7079.
  371. Haferlach C, Bacher U, Haferlach T et al. Inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) is often accompanied by alterations in Runx1, KRAS and NRAS and NF1 genes and mediates a poor prognosis in both MDS and AML: a study conducted in 39 cases of MDS or AML.Leukemia.2011; 25: 874-877.
  372. Hamada S, Futamura N, Ikuta K et al. CTNNB1 S45F mutation predicts low efficacy of meloxicam treatment in desmoid tumors: a pilot study.PLoS One. 2014 9(5): e96391, 1-6.
  373. Hamada S, Urakawa H, Kozawa E et al.: Nuclear β-catenin expression predicts the efficacy of meloxicam treatment in patients with sporadic desmoid tumors.biological tumor. 2014; 35: 4561-4566.
  374. Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Yamamoto K et al. Establishment of a new human myeloid leukemia cell line (FKH-1) with T(6;9) (p23;q34) and expressiondek-canChimeric transcription.British Journal of Hematology.1998; 102(5):1249-1256.
  375. Han C, Ma J, Zhao J et al. EGFR mutations, gene amplification and protein expression, and KRAS mutations in primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer tumors and their clinical implications: a meta-analysis.Cancer study.2011; 29: 626-634.
  376. Han X, Ji Y, Zhao J et al. PTEN and mTOR expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.biological tumor. 2013; 34: 2871-2879.
  377. Handolias D, Hamilton AL, Salemi R et al. Clinical responses observed with imatinib or sorafenib in patients with melanoma expressing KIT mutations.British Journal of Cancer.2010; 102: 1219-1223.
  378. Hanna N, Johnson D, Temin S et al. Systemic therapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: an update of the American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017;35:3484-3515.
  379. Hari PN, Zhang MJ, Roy V et al. Is the international classification system better than the Durie-Salmon classification system? Comparison of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous transplantation.Leukemia.2009: 23(8); 1528-34. Dwa: 10.1038/leu.2009.61
  380. Hayette S, Tigaud I, Thomas X et al. Identification of a rare e6a2 BCR-ABL fusion gene during disease progression of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: case report.Leukemia.2004; 18: 1735-1736.
  381. He H, Jażdżewski K, Li W, et al. Or role two microRNA genes in non-papillary thyroid carcinoma.Annals of the National Academy of Sciences. 2005; 102: 19075–19080.
  382. He M, Breese V, Hang S, Zhang C, Xiong J, Jackson C. BRAF V600E Mutações no adenocarcinoma endometrial.Diagnozuj Mol Pathol.2013; 22(1): 35-40.
  383. He Y, Van't Veer LJ, Mikołajewska-Hanclich I, et al. PIK3CA mutations predict local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer.Clin Cancer Res.2009; 15(22): 6956-62.
  384. Hegedus L. Clinical practice. Thyroid nodule.New England Journal of Medicine. 2004; 351: 1764-1771.
  385. Helmle KE, Otto CJ, Constantinescu G, Honore LH, Andrew SE. Variable MLH1 promoter methylation patterns in endometrial carcinomas of the endometrioid subtype without mismatch DNA repair.Int J Gynecol Rak.2005; 15: 1089-1096.
  386. Herandez-Aya L, Gonzalez-Angulo A. Adjuvant systemic therapies in breast cancer.Surg Clin North Am.2013; 93(2): 473-491.
  387. Herling M, Patel K, Teitell M et al. High TCL1 expression and intact T cell receptor signaling define a hyperproliferative subset of T cell prolymphocytic leukemia.Blood.2008; 111: 328-337.
  388. Hershman J, Lyko A. Follicular thyroid carcinoma.Endocrine Updates. 2012; 32: 155-169.
  389. Holmfeldt L, Wei L, Diaz-Flores E et al. Genomic landscape of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Nature's genetics.2013; 45(3): 242-252.
  390. Horny H, Lange K, Sotlar K, et. aluminum. Bone marrow lymphocyte growth in systemic mastocytosis: reactive lymphocytosis or malignant lymphoma? Immunohistochemical and molecular findings in routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens.J Clin Pathol.2003; 56: 575-578.
  391. Snake D, Reme T, Hielscher T et al. Proliferation is a central independent prognostic factor and the goal of personalized, risk-adjusted treatment of multiple myeloma.Hematology.September 2010
  392. Hou H, Kuo Y, Liu C i in.DNMT3AMutations in acute myelogenous leukemia: stability during disease progression and clinical implications.Blood.2012; 119(2): 559-568.
  393. Hughes T, Branford S. Molecular monitoring of BCR-ABL as a guide to the clinical management of chronic myelogenous leukemia.In. blood2006; 20 (1): 29-41.
  394. Hummel J, Carmen Frias Kletecka M, Sanks J et al. escortBCR-ABL1translocation iJAK2V617FMutation in three patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.Diagnozuj Mol Pathol.2012; 21: 176-183.
  395. Hundahl SA, Cady B, Cunningham MP et al. Preliminary results of a prospective cohort study of 5583 cases of thyroid cancer treated in the United States in 1996. American and German Thyroid Cancer Study Groups. American College of Surgeons Committee Study on the Evaluation of Cancer Care.Rak. 2000; 89(1): 202-17.
  396. Huss S, Nehles J, Binot E et al. β-catenin mutations (CTNNB1) and clinicopathological features of mesenteric fibromatosis of the desmoid type.Histopathology. 2013; 62: 294-304.
  397. Hussain M, Daignault-Newtown S, Twardowski PW et al. Androgen receptor targeting and DNA repair in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results from NCI 9012.J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36(10): 991-999.
  398. Hyman DM, Puzanov I, Bubbiah V et al. Vemurafenib in multiple cancers other than melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations.N.Eng J Med. 2015; 373(8): 726-736.
  399. Hyman D, Smyth L, Donoghue M et al. AKT inhibition in solid tumors with AKT1 mutations.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2017; 35(20); 2251-2259.
  400. Ida C, Lambert S, Fausto J et al. BRAF lesions are common in low-grade cerebellar astrocytomas with a diffuse growth pattern.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.2012; 71(7): 631-639.
  401. Ikezoe T, Kojima S, Furihata M et al. Expression of p-JAK2 predicts clinical outcome and is a potential molecular target for acute myelogenous leukemia.International Journal of Cancer.2011; 129(10): 2512-2521.
  402. Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG et al. Dysregulation of microRNA gene expression in human breast cancer.cancer research. 2005; 65: 7065–7070.
  403. Ishida H, Kasajima A, Kamei T et al. SOX2 and Rb1 in esophageal small cell carcinoma: their possible involvement in pathogenesis.modern pathology. 2017; 30: 660-671.
  404. Itonaga H, Tsushima H, Imanishi D et al. Molecular analysis of the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain in chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in practice: a study from the Nagasaki CML Study Group.Leukemia research.2014;38 (1):76-83.
  405. Iyer G, Al-Ahmadie H, Schultz N et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of applicable genomic alterations in high-grade bladder cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31(25): 3133-3140.
  406. Jain P, Kantarjian H, Patel K i in.NPM1in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission and relapse.Leukemia and lymphoma2013: 1-8.
  407. Jacob JA, Bassett RL Jr, Ng CS et al. NRAS mutation status is an independent prognostic factor for metastatic melanoma.Rak.2012; 118(16): 4014-23.
  408. Jamasphishvili T, Berman DM, Ross AE et al. Clinical implications of PTEN loss in prostate cancer.Nature Reviews Urologia. 2018; 15: 222-234.
  409. Jeuken J, Sijben A, Alenda C et al. Robust detection of EGFR copy number alterations and EGFR variant III: technical aspects and importance in the diagnosis of glioblastoma.Brain pathology.2009; 19: 661-671.
  410. Ji JH, Oh YL, Hong M et al. Identification of ALK targeting fusion genes and the genomic landscape of medullary thyroid carcinoma.PLoS generator. 2015;11(8):e1005467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005467
  411. Jiang Y, Gao B, Zhang X et al. Prevention and treatment of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery.International Journal of Clinical Experience in Medicine. 2014; 7(1): 101-7.
  412. Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH et al. The DAXX/ATRX, MEN1 and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Science.2011; 331(6021): 1199-1203.
  413. Jin S, Chang IH, Kim JW et al. Identification of genes downstream of the mTOR pathway that predict recurrence and progression in high-grade non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.J Korean Med Sci. 2017; 32:1327-1336.
  414. Jo VY, Stelow EB, Dustin SM et al. Risk of malignancy with fine needle aspiration of thyroid lesions according to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology.American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2010; 134: 450-6.
  415. Jocham D, Stepp H, Waidelich R. Photodynamic diagnosis in urology: state of the art.European urology. 2008; 53: 1138-1150.
  416. Joseph RW, Sullivan RJ, Harrell R et al. Correlation of NRAS mutations with clinical response to high doses of IL-2 in patients with advanced melanoma.Journal of Immunotherapy.2012; 35: 66-72.
  417. Jug R, Datto M, Jiang X. Molecular Assays for Unspecified Thyroid Nodules: Performance of the Affirm Gene Expression Classifier and ThyroSeq Panel.cancer cytopathol. 2018. DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21993, wileyonlinelibrary.com.
  418. Kadia T, Kantarjian H, Kornblau S et al. Clinical and proteomic characterization of acute myelogenous leukemia with RAS mutation.Rak.2012;118(22): 5550-5559.
  419. Kaeferstein A, Krug U, Tiesmeier J et al. Emergence of the C/EBPα mutation in the clonal evolution of MDS to secondary AML.Leukemia.2003; 17: 343-349.
  420. Kaneki E, Oda Y, Ohishi Y et al. Frequent microsatellite instability in synchronous ovarian-endometrial adenocarcinoma and its usefulness in the differential diagnosis.Human pathology.2004; 35: 1484-1493.
  421. Kavalieris L, O'Sullivan P, Frampton C, et al. Performance characteristics of a polygenic urine biomarker assay for monitoring recurrent urothelial carcinoma in a multicenter study.Journal of Urology. (2017), DOI 10.1016/j.interest.2016.12.010
  422. Kavalieris L, O'Sullivan PJ, Suttie JM et al. Segregation index combining phenotypic (clinical features) and genotypic (gene expression) biomarkers from a urine sample to segregate patients with hematuria who are unlikely to develop urothelial carcinoma. BMC Urology. 2015; 15:23. DOI 10.1186/s12894-015-0018-5
  423. Keedy VL, Temin S, Somerfield MR et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Preliminary Clinical Opinion: Study of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation in Advanced Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Considering First-Line Treatment with an EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.J Clin Oncol.2011; 29: 2121-2127.
  424. Kelemen K, Kovacsovics T, Braziel R et al. RAS mutations in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.Leukemia and lymphoma.2012; 53(5):999-1002.
  425. Kennedy RD, Bylesjo M, Kerr P et al. Independent development and validation of a prognostic assay for stage II colon cancer using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(35): 4620-4626.
  426. Keutgen XM, Filicori F, Crowley MJ et al. A panel of four miRNAs accurately distinguishes malignant from benign indeterminate thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration.Cancer Clinical Research. 2012; 18:2032-2038.
  427. Kilon A, Noel P, Akin C et al. Elevated serum tryptase levels identify a subset of patients with the myeloproliferative variant of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with tissue fibrosis, poor prognosis, and imatinib responsiveness.Blood.2003; 101(12): 4660-4666.
  428. Kim I, Kim H, Choung H et al. PML/RARA rearrangement associated with t(15;19;17) in acute myelogenous leukemia with abundant myelocytes with salmon-pink cytoplasm.Cancer genetics and cytogenetics.2006; 169(1): 81-82.
  429. Kim PH, Cha EK, Sfakianos JP et al. Genomic predictors of survival in patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.European urology. 2015; 67: 198-201.
  430. Kim TH, Park YJ, Lim JA et al. Association of BRAFV600E mutations with prognostic factors and poor clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Rak.2012; 118: 1764-73.
  431. Kitano M, Rahbari R, Patterson EE et al. Evaluation of potential diagnostic microRNAs in thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens.Thyroid. 2012; 22: 285-291.
  432. Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Nakano Y et al. Prognostic implications of FLT3 and N-RAS gene mutations in acute myelogenous leukemia.Blood.1999; 93(9): 3074-3080.
  433. Kluth M, Harasimowicz S, Burkhardt L, et al. Clinical significance of different types of p53 gene alterations in surgically treated prostate cancer.Int J Rak. 2014; 135:1369-1380.
  434. Kohlmann A, Grossmann V, Klein H et al. State-of-the-art sequencing technology reveals a distinct pattern of molecular mutations in 72.8% of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, detecting frequent changes inTET2, CBL, RAS,EUURUCHOMX1. Journal of Clinical Oncology.2010; 28 (24): 3858-3865.
  435. Kolasa IK, Rembiszewska A, Janiec-Jankowska A, et al. PTEN mutation, expression and LOH at its locus in ovarian carcinomas. relate itTP53, K-RAS e BRCA1mutations.Gynecological Oncology.2006; 103: 692-697.
  436. Kolquist K, Schultz RA, Bruzda A et al. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization of cancer targets reveals new recurrent genetic aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes.Genetic Cancer.2011; 204: 603-628.
  437. Kompier LC, Lurkin I, van der Aa MN et al. FGFR3 HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutations in bladder cancer and their potential as biomarkers for surveillance and therapy.PLoS One. 2010; 5(11) e13821:1-13.
  438. Kondo T, Ezzat S, Asa SL. Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular cell neoplasms.Nature Reviews Cancer. 2006; 6(4): 292-306.
  439. Konukiewitz B, Schlitter AM, Jesinghaus M, et al. Somatostatin receptor expression associated with alterations in TP53 and RB1 in pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with Ki67 index above 20%.modern pathology. 2017; 30: 587-598.
  440. Kook H, Risitano An, Zeng W et al. Changes in the VB T cell receptor repertoire in aplastic anemia: effects of different immunosuppressive regimens.Blood.2002; 99 (10): 3668-3675.
  441. Korkolopoulou P, Levidou G, Trigka EA et al. Comprehensive immunohistochemical and molecular approach of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/murine thymus viral oncogene v-act/mammalian rapamycin target) in urothelial bladder cancer.BJU Int. 2012; 110: E1237-1248.
  442. Kosmider O, Gelsi-Boyer V, Slama L et al. Mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes in early and accelerated stages of myelodysplastic syndromes and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms.Leukemia.2010; 24: 1094-1096.
  443. Krakstad C, Birkeland E, Seidel D et al. High-throughput mutation profiling of primary and metastatic endometrial cancers identifies KRAS, FGFR2, and PIK3CA as frequently mutated.PLUS ALL.2012; 7(12): e52795.
  444. Krausch M, Raffel A, start-up M, Loss of PTEN expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Horm Metab Res. 2011; 43: 865-871
  445. Kristensen T, Vestergaard H, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al. Sensitive KIT D816V Blood mutation analysis as a diagnostic test in mastocytosis. American Journal of Hematology. 2014: 1-6.
  446. Kulac I, Arslankoz S, Netto GJ et al. Reduced PTEN immunohistochemical staining is associated with higher rates of progression and recurrence in noninvasive low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.Virchow's Arch. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2302-8
  447. Kulke MH, Hornick JL, Frauenhoffer C et al. 06-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase deficiency and response to temozolomide-based therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15(1): 338-345.
  448. Lai A, Kharbanda S, Pope W et al. Evidence of sequenced molecular evolution of IDH1 mutant glioblastoma from a distinct cell of origin.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2011;29 (34): 4482-4490.
  449. Land SR, Kopec JA, Cecchini RS et al. Neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin in combination with a weekly bolus of fluorouracil and leucovorin as adjuvant surgical chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: NSABP C-07.J Clin Oncol.2007; 25(16): 2205-2211.
  450. Laurent-Puig P, Gilles A, Buc M et al. Analysis of PTEN, BRAF, and EGFR status in determining the benefit of cetuximab therapy in KRAS wild-type metastatic colon cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(35): 5924-5930.
  451. Lazar AJ, Tuvin D, Hajibashi S et al. Specific mutations in the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) correlate with local recurrences in sporadic desmoid tumors.I am J Pathol. 2008; 173(5): 1518-27.
  452. Lazaris AC, Zarogiannos A, Kavantzas N et al. The MLH1 mismatch repair gene product has been associated with the apoptotic potential of bladder urothelial carcinomas. Anticancer research. 2006; 26: 1535-1542.
  453. Lee H, Choi SK and Ro JY. DJ-1 and HSP90a overexpression and PTEN loss associated with invasive urothelial bladder cancer: possible prognostic markers.oncology letters. 2012; 3: 507-512.
  454. Lee L, How J, Tabah RJ et al. Cost-effectiveness of molecular testing of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined cytological significance.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014; 99(8): 2674-82.
  455. Lee SH, Kim JE, Jang HS et al. Genetic alterations among Korean melanoma patients showing tumor heterogeneity: comparison between primary tumors and corresponding metastatic lesions. Article accepted.Cancer research and treatment, 2018: 1–29. Dwa: 10.4143/crt.2017.535
  456. Le Guellec S, Soubeyran I, Rochaix P et al. CTNNB1 mutation analysis is a useful tool for the diagnosis of desmoid tumors: a study of 260 desmoid tumors and 191 potential morphological mimics.modern pathology. 2012; 25: 1551.-58.
  457. Leventaki V, Rodic V, Tripp S et al. Analysis of the TP53 pathway in infantile Burkitt lymphoma reveals increased MDM4 expression as the only abnormality of the TP53 pathway detected in a subset of cases.British Journal of Hematology. 2012; 158(6): 763-771.
  458. Levine RL, Gilliland DG. JAK-2 mutations and their role in myeloproliferative disease.Curr Opin Hematol. 2007; 14(1): 43-7.
  459. Ley T, Ding L, Walter M et al. DNMT3A mutations in acute myelogenous leukemia.The new English journal of medicine. 2010; 363(25): 2424-2433.
  460. Li AFY, Tsay SH, Liang WY et al. Clinical significance of p16INK4A and p53 overexpression in gastrointestinal endocrine tumors.Am J Clin Pathol. 2006; 126: 856.865.
  461. Li B, Liu S, Niu Y et al. Altered expression of the TCR signaling genes CD3 and FCaRl? in patients with aplastic anemia.Journal of Hematology and Oncology. 2012; 5: 1-7.
  462. Li H, Robinson KA, Anton B et al. Cost-effectiveness of a new molecular test for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011; 96(11): E1719-26.
  463. Liao X, Morikawa T, Lochhead P et al. Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations in colorectal cancer: a cohort study and literature review.Cancer Clinical Research. 2012; 18(8): 2257-2268.
  464. Lim S, Koh MJ, Jeong HJ et al. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is associated with poor survival in patients with resected muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.Yonsei Med J. 2016; 57(4):831-839.
  465. Lin C, Lai Y, Lin T et al. Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of colon cancer with high MSI.Int J Large intestine. 2012; 27(3): 277-286.
  466. Lin J, Yao Dm, Qian J et al. Analysis of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in Chinese patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.Ana hematol. 2012; 91: 519-525.
  467. Lin J, Yao Dm, Qian J et al. Recurrent DNMT3A R882 mutations in Chinese patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.PLUS ALL. 2011; 6(10): e26906.
  468. Lin VC, Huang CY, Lee YC, et al. Genetic alterations in TP53 binding sites are predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.Arch Toxicol. 2014; 88: 901-911.
  469. Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Aisner DL et al. Updated molecular testing guidelines for selecting lung cancer patients for treatment with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Guidelines from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology.The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 2018; 20(2): 129-159.
  470. Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Beasley MB et al. Molecular testing guidelines for screening lung cancer patients for EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Guidelines from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology.Arch Pathol Med Laboratory. 2013; 137(6): 828-860.
  471. Liu L, Wang J, Li X et al. miR-204-5p inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting IGFBP5 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Research Community in Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2015; 457(4): 621-6.
  472. Liu W, Tan X, Luo X et al. Prognostic significance of methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet 2 (TET2) gene mutations in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: a meta-analysis.Leukemia and lymphoma. 2014; 55: 1-8.
  473. Liu X, Jia Y, Stoopler MB et al. Next-generation sequencing of lung sarcoma cancer reveals a high frequency of applicable MET gene mutations.J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34(8): 794-802.
  474. Liu Y, Yanbin S, Wenli M et al. Decreased levels of MicroRNA-30a are associated with increased expression of ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 in chronic myelogenous leukemia.leukemia research. 2013; 37(3): 349-356.
  475. Livhits MJ, Kuo EJ, Leung AM et al. A gene expression classifier and next-generation sequencing targeted in the treatment of unspecified thyroid nodules.JCEM. 2018. Advanced online publishing. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02754/4951503
  476. Lloyd RV, Erickson LA, Casey MB et al. Observer variability in the diagnosis of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma.American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2004; 28(10):1336-40.
  477. Lokhandwala T, Bittoni MA, Dann RA et al. Costs of lung cancer diagnostic evaluation: an analysis of Medicare claims.lung cancer clinic. 2017;18(1):e27-e34.
  478. Lokman U, Erickson AM, Vasarainen H, et al. Loss of PTEN, but not ERG expression in diagnostic biopsies, is associated with an increased risk of progression and adverse surgical outcomes in men with prostate cancer under active surveillance.European focus on urology. 2017: 1-7.
  479. Lopez-Knowles E, Hernandez S, Malats N et al. PIK3CA mutations are an early genetic alteration associated with FGR3 mutations in superficial papillary bladder tumors.Direct Resolution. 2006; 66(15): 7401-4.
  480. Lorenzo F, Nishii K, Monma F et al. Analysis of KIT gene mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia of MDS origin. Leukemia research. 2006; 30: 1235-1239.
  481. Lotan Y, O'Sullivan P, Raman JD et al. Clinical comparison of non-invasive urine tests to rule out recurrence of urothelial carcinoma. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Research. 2017; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.03.008
  482. Lough T, Luo Q, Luxmanan C et al. Clinical utility of a noninvasive urine test for risk assessment of patients without an obvious benign cause of hematuria: a real-world physician-patient data analysis.BMC Urology2018; 18(18): 1-9.
  483. Lough T, Luo Q, O'Sullivan P, et al. Clinical Usefulness of the Cxbladder Monitor for Patients with a History of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Physician-Patient Analysis of Actual Clinical Data.Onkol Ther.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-018-0059-5.
  484. Lorenzo F, Nishii K, Monma F et al. Analysis of KIT gene mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia of MDS origin.leukemia research. 2006; 30: 1235-1239.
  485. Lotan Y, O'Sullivan P, Raman JD et al. Clinical comparison of non-invasive urine tests to rule out recurrence of urothelial carcinoma.Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Research. 2017; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.03.008
  486. Louie CY, Concepcion W, Park JK et al. Embryonic liver due to β-catenin-activated pigmented hepatocellular adenoma: case report and literature review.Am J Surg Pathol. 2016; 40(7): 998-1003.
  487. Lu J, Getz G, Bowl EA. MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers.Nature.2005; 435: 834-838.
  488. Lubitz CC, Kong CY, McMahon PM et al. Annual financial impact of differentiated thyroid cancer treatment in the United States.Rak. 2014; 120: 1345–52.
  489. Ludovini V, Bianconi F, Pistola L et al. Catalytic mutations of phosphoinositide-3 kinase and KRAS are important predictors of resistance to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.J Oncol Torácico. 2011; 6(4): 707-715.
  490. Lundin C, Hjorth L, Behrendtz M et al. Submicroscopic genomic imbalances in Burkitt's lymphomas/leukemias: association with age and further evidence that 8q24/MYC translocations are not sufficient for leukemogenesis.Genes, chromosomes and cancer. 2013; 52: 370-377.
  491. Mack PC, Chi SG, Meyers FJ et al. Increased RB1 abnormalities in human primary prostate cancer after complex androgen blockade.Prostate. 1998; 34: 145-151.
  492. Mackay HJ, Gallinger S, Tsao MS et al. Prognostic value of microsatellite instability (MSI) and PTEN expression in women with endometrial cancer: results from the NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG).European Journal of Cancer. 2010; 46: 1365-1373.
  493. Malekzadeh K, Sobti RC, Nikbakht M, et al. Methylation patterns of Rb1 and Casp-8 promoters and their effect on their expression in bladder cancer.Invest in cancer.2009; 27: 70-80.
  494. Mansour WY, Tennstedt P, Volquardsen J et al. Loss of the PTEN-assisted G2/M checkpoint hampers homologous recombination repair and increases radiological curability and response to treatment with PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer.Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(3947): 1-12.
  495. Marcucci G, Maharry K, Wu Y et al. IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations identify new molecular subsets within cytogenetically normal De Novo acute myelogenous leukemia: cancer and group B leukemia study.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2010; 28 (14): 2348-2355.
  496. Margolskee E, Bao F, de Gonzalez AK et al. Staging of hepatocellular adenoma: a comparative evaluation of immunohistochemistry and directed mutation analysis.Diagnozuj Pathol.2016; 11(27): 1-10.
  497. Martin M, Gonzalez-Rivera M, Morales S et al. A prospective study of the effect of the Prosigna trial on adjuvant clinical decision-making in unselected patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative, and lymph node-negative early-stage breast cancer.Current research and medical opinions. 2015; 1-9.
  498. Mazzaferri EL, de los Santos ET, Rofagha-Keyhani S. Solitary thyroid nodule: diagnosis and treatment.US medical clinics. 1988; 72: 1177-1211.
  499. McHenry CR, Ślusarczyk SJ. Hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy: incidence, risk factors and management.Surgery. 2000; 128:994-8.
  500. McIver B, Castro MR, Morris JC et al. Independent study of the gene expression classifier (Afirm) in the evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014; 99: 4069–4077.
  501. Meeks JJ, Carneior BA, Pai SG et al. Genomic characterization of high-risk non-invasive bladder cancer.Oncoalvo. 2016; 7(46): 75176-75184.
  502. Mehta V, Nikiforov YE, Ferris RL. The use of molecular biomarkers in ANF samples to personalize treatment in thyroid surgery.Head and neck. 2013; 35(10):1499-506.
  503. Metzeler K, Maharry K, Radmacher M, et al. TET2 mutations improve LeukemiaNet's new European risk classification for acute myelogenous leukemia: cancer and group B leukemia study.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2011; 29(10): 1373-1380.
  504. Mian C, Pennelli G, Fassan M et al. MicroRNA profiles in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: preliminary relationship to RET status and outcome.Thyroid. 2012; 22: 890–896.
  505. [PMC Free Article] [PubMed] Michael MZ, O'Connor SM, Holst van Pellekan NG, et al. Decreased accumulation of specific microRNAs in colorectal cancer.molecular cancer research. 2003; 1:882 – 891.
  506. Mikami T, Nemoto Y, Numata Y et al. A small gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach: identification of a clinical precursor of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor using smooth muscle actin expression and C-KIT.human pathology. 2013; 44(12): 2628-2635.
  507. Missiaglia E. Dalai I, Barbi S et al. Pancreatic endocrine tumors: the expression profile implicates the role of the AKT-mTor pathway.J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28(2): 245-255
  508. Mitomo S, Maesawa C, Ogasawara S et al. Downregulation of miR 138 is associated with overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase protein in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines.The science of cancer. 2008; 99: 280–286.
  509. Miyoshi T, Umemura S, Matsumura Y et al. Genomic profile of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.Clin Cancer Res. 2017; 23(3): 757-765.
  510. Mundhenk J, Hennenlotter J, Zug L et al. Evidence of PETN-independent Akt activation and Akt-independent p27Kip 1 expression in advanced bladder cancer.oncology letters. 2011; 2: 1089-1093.
  511. Myers MB, McKim KL, Parsons BL. The subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas contains subpopulations of KRAS mutants at levels above the normal thyroid.carcinogenicidade molecular. 2014; 53: 159-167.
  512. Nagaiah G, Hossain A, Mooney CJ et al. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment.Journal of Oncology. 2011. Article number 542358, 13 pages, 2011.
  513. Nair B, Shaughnessy Jr JD, Zhou Y et al. Plasma cell gene expression profiling in relapsed myeloma from the Total Therapy 2 tandem transplant trial predicts later survival.Blood. 2009; 113: 6572-6575.
  514. National Cancer Institute. SEER Statistical Data Sheet: Thyroid Cancer. Bethesda, Doctor of Medicine. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html. Published April 2014. Accessed February 12, 2015
  515. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Oncology Practice Guidelines (NCCN® Guidelines), Bladder Cancer, Version 2.2017 – February 15, 2017. NCCN.org.
  516. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Oncology Practice Guidelines (NCCN® Guidelines) Colorectal Cancer v2.2018 – March 14, 2018 NCCN.org
  517. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oncology (NCCN® Guidelines), Breast Cancer, v2 2016.
  518. National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines for oncologic thyroid cancer. Version 1.2013.
  519. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Guidelines, Rev. 5.2018, Bladder Cancer. June 27, 2018
  520. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf (page CSLL-1, CSLL-A). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  521. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cml.pdf (Page CML-1, CML-2, CML-3, CML-4, CML-5, CML-A, CML-6, CML -8). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  522. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cml.pdf (page CML-J, CML-2, CML-3, CML-4, CML-5, CML-A, CML-6). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  523. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf (page FOLL-1). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  524. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf (page HCL-1). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  525. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf (page MANT-1). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  526. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/aml.pdf (AML-A website). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  527. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/aml.pdf (page AML-1, AML-10, AML-A). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  528. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (version 3.2013). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf (page ALL-1). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  529. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (version 3.2013). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf (ALL-D page 3 of 4, ALL-7). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  530. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/aml.pdf (page AML-2, AML-A, AML-5, AML-6). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  531. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Tumors of the central nervous system (version 1.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cns.pdf. (page GLIO-3). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  532. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Tumors of the central nervous system (version 1.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cns.pdf. (page ATR-1). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  533. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oncology (NCCN® Guidelines) Colon Cancer (version 2.2014). Accessed on 12/12/2013. NCCN.org
  534. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Oncology Practice Guidelines (NCCN® Guidelines) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Version 2.2014). Accessed on 12/12/2013. NCCN.org
  535. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oncology (NCCN® Guidelines) Melanoma (Version 2.2014). Accessed on 12/12/2013. NCCN.org
  536. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Colorectal cancer (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf (page COL-A 4 of 5, COL-5, COL-9). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  537. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Colorectal cancer (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf (COL-A page 4 of 5, COL-3, COL-4, COL-6, COL-7, COL-D). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  538. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Melanoma (version 4.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. (ME-E page 1 of 4). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  539. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nscl.pdf. (NSCL-A page 3 of 4, NSCL-16, NSCL-H). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  540. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (version 3.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nscl.pdf. (NSCL-A page 3 of 4). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  541. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 2.2018, December 19, 2017. Accessed September 28, 2017: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nscl.pdf
  542. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Colon Cancer Management Guidelines 2015 v2.0. Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf
  543. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (version 2.2014). https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/mds.pdf. (MDS-2 website). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  544. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Soft tissue sarcoma (version 2.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sarcoma.pdf (page GIST-1, GIST-B, SARCB 3 of 3). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  545. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Thyroid cancer (version 4.2014). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/tyroid.pdf. (website MEDU-1, MEDU-2). Accessed April 25, 2014.
  546. Nault JC, Paradis V, Cherqui D et al. Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma in clinical practice.J Hepatol. 2017; 67: 1074-1083.
  547. Navone NM, Troncoso P, Pisters LL et al. Accumulation of p53 protein and gene mutation in human prostate cancer progression.J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993; 85(20): 1657-1669. .
  548. Ng KL, Rajandram R, Morais C et al. Differentiation of oncocytoma from chromophobic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).J Clin Pathol.2014;67(2): 97-104.
  549. Nguyen G-K, Lee MW, Ginsberg J et al. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland: an overview.CytoJournalName. 2005; 2:12.
  550. Niedźwiecki D FW, Venook AP et al. Relationship between ColDx test result and recurrence-free interval in patients with stage II colon cancer in CALGB (Alliance) 9581. ASCO-GI Annual Meeting January 16-18. 2014. Summary No. 455.
  551. Nielsen C, Birgens H, Nordestgaard B, Bojesen S. Diagnostic value of the JAK2 V617F somatic mutation in myeloproliferative cancer in 49,488 people from the general population.British Journal of Hematology.2012; 160: 70-79.
  552. Nielsen TO, Parker JS, Leung S et al. Comparison of intrinsic PAM50 subtyping with immunohistochemistry and clinical prognostic factors in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.Clin Cancer Res.2010; 16: 5222.
  553. Nielsen T, Wallden B, Schaper C et al. Analytical validation of the PAM50-based Prosigna Prognostic Gene Signature Breast Cancer Assay and the nCounter Analysis System using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumor samples.Rak BMC.2014; 14: 177.
  554. Draft NIH/NCI guidelines presented as a poster at the Markers in Cancer meeting on October 11, 2012. Citation:J Clin Oncol.2012 (Supplement 30; Executive Summary 58).
  555. Nikiforova MN, Mercurio S, Wald AI et al. Analytical performance of the ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules.Rak. 2018;124: 1682-90.
  556. Nikiforova MN, Tseng GC, Steward D et al. MicroRNA expression profiling of thyroid tumors: biological relevance and diagnostic utility.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008; 93, 1600-1608.
  557. Nikiforov YE, Carty SE, Chiosea SI et al. Influence of the ThyroSeq multigene sequencing test on the diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined cytological significance. Thyroid. 2015; 25(11): 1217-1223.
  558. Nikiforov YE, Ohori NP, Hodak SP et al. The influence of mutational testing on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules: a prospective analysis of 1056 FNA samples.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2011; 96(11): 3390-7.
  559. Nikiforov YE, Steward DL, Robinson-Smith TM et al. Molecular studies of mutations in improving the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of thyroid nodulesJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009; 94: 2092–2098.
  560. Nodin B, Zendehrokh N, Sundstrom M, Jirstrom K. Clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significance of KRAS mutation status in a prospective matched cohort of epithelial ovarian cancer.Diagnostic pathology.2013; 8: 106.
  561. Nogova L, Sequist LV, Perez Garcia JM et al. Evaluation of BGJ398, a fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase 1-3 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors with genetic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors: results of a global dose-escalation and extension study Phase I dose.J Clin Oncol. 2017; 35(2): 157-165.
  562. Nout RA, Bosse T, Creutzberg CL et al. Better assessment of endometrial cancer risk through combined analysis of MSI, PI3K-AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and P53 pathway activation.Gynecological Oncology.2012; 126: 466-473.
  563. O'Connor ES, Greenblatt DY, LoConte NK et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer with poor prognostic features.J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(25): 3381-3388.
  564. Ohashi K, Sequist L, Arcila M et al. Characterization of lung cancers with NRAS mutations. Author's manuscript.Clin Cancer Res. 2013; 19 (9): 2584–2591.
  565. Ohmoto A, Rokutan H, Yachida S et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: basic biology, current treatment strategies and future perspectives.Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(143): 1-16.
  566. Ohori NP, Nikiforova MN, Schoedel KE et al. Contribution of Molecular Studies to Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology "Follicular Alterations of Undetermined Significance/Atypia of Undetermined Significance".Cancer Cytopathology. 2010; 118:17-23.
  567. Oien KA and Dennis JL. Diagnostic development of unknown primary cancer: from immunohistochemistry to molecular profiling.Annals of Oncology.2012; 23(10): 271-277. doi: 10.1093/announce/mds357
  568. Olson R, Brastianos P, Palma D. Prognostic and predictive value of MGMT epigenetic silencing in patients with high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Neuroncol.2011;105(2): 325-335.
  569. DG blade. Cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Blood comments.1994; 8(2):88-96.
  570. O'Sullivan P, Sharples K, Dalphin M, et. aluminum. A polygenic urine test for the detection and stratification of bladder cancer in patients with hematuria.Journal of Urology.2012; 188: 741-747.
  571. Ousati Ashtiani Z, Mehrsai AR, Pourmand MR et al. High-resolution fusion analysis for rapid detection of PIK3CA gene mutations in bladder cancer: a mutant target for cancer therapy.Urol J. 2018; 15(1): 26-31.
  572. Owen DH, Alexander AJ, Konda B et al. Combination therapy with capecitabine and temozolomide in patients with low- and high-grade neuroendocrine tumors, with exploratory analysis of 06-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase as a response biomarker.Oncoalvo. 2017; 8(61): 104046-104056.
  573. Paik PK, Arcila ME, Fara M et al. Clinical features of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with BRAF mutations.J Clin Oncol.2011; 29(15): 2046-51.
  574. Paik PK, Drilon A, Fan PD and others Response to MET inhibitors in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with MET exon 14 skipping mutation.Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2015; 8: 842-849.
  575. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G et al. A polygenic test to predict recurrence of breast cancer treated with tamoxifen without lymph node metastases.The new English journal of medicine.2004; 351(27): 2817-2826.
  576. Paik S, Tang G, Shak S et al. Gene expression and benefits of chemotherapy in women with estrogen receptor negative lymph node breast cancer,J Clin Oncol.2006; 24(23): 3726-3734.
  577. Pallante P, Battista S, Pierantoni GM et al. Dysregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid cancers.Nature's Endocrinology Reviews. 2014; 10: 88-101.
  578. Pallante P, Visone R, Ferracin M et al. MicroRNA dysregulation in human papillary thyroid carcinomas.Cancer related to the endocrine system.2006; 13: 497–508.
  579. Pálóczi K, Poros A, Szelenyi J, et al. Gamma/Delta TCR-bearing lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.Leukemia.1992; 6: (Appendix 3).
  580. Palumbo A e Anderson K. Szpiczak mnogi.NEJM.2011; 364:1046-1060. Two: 10.1056/NEJMra1011442
  581. Pandor A, Eggington S, Paisley S et al. Clinical and cost-effective effectiveness of oxaliplatin and capecitabine in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation.Medical technology assessment. 2006; 10(41).
  582. Papaemmanuel E, Rapado I, Li Y et al. RAG-mediated recombination is the dominant factor in oncogenic rearrangement inETV6-RUNX1Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Nature's genetics.2014; 46 (2): 116-125.
  583. Pardanani A, Reeder T, Kimlinger T et al. Flt-3 and c-kit mutation studies in a spectrum of chronic myeloid disorders, including systemic mast cell disease.Leukemia research.2003; 27(8): 739-742.
  584. Park JY, Kim WY, Hwang TS and others. BRAF and RAS mutations in follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma.endocrine pathology. 2013; 24: 69-76.
  585. Park SJ, Lee TJ, Chang IH et al. The role of the mTOR pathway in bladder cancer progression and recurrence: a tissue microarray immunohistochemical study.Coreano J Urol. 2011; 52: 466-473.
  586. Parker JS, Mullins M, Cheang MC et al. Supervised predictor of breast cancer risk based on intrinsic subtypes.J Clin Oncol.2009; 27: 1160-1167.
  587. Patel J, Gönen M, Figueroa M et al. The prognostic value of integrated genetic profiling in acute myelogenous leukemia.The new English journal of medicine.2012; 366(12): 1079-1088.
  588. Patel SG, Carty SE, McCoy KL et al. Preoperative detection of RAS mutations can help determine the extent of thyroidectomy.Surgery. 2017;161: 168-75.
  589. Patnaik MM, Hanson CA, Hodnefield JM et al. Differential prognostic effect of IDH1 versus IDH2 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes: a Mayo Clinic study of 277 patients.Leukemia.2012; 26: 101-105.
  590. Pfeifer H, Wassmann B, Pavlova A et al. BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations often precede imatinib-based therapy and cause relapse in patients with de novo Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PhALL).Blood.2007; 110 (2): 727-734.
  591. Pijnenborg JMA, van de Broek L, de Veen GCD et al. TP53 overexpression in recurrent endometrial cancer.Gynecological Oncology.2006; 100: 397-404.
  592. Plamadeala V, Huang S, McCreary SM et al. Analytical performance of a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue probe 634 prognostic assay to predict outcomes in patients with stage II colon cancer.Appl Immunohistochemistry Mol Morphol. 2014; 22(4):308-316.
  593. Ponce C, de Lourdes F, Chauffaille M, Ihara S, Silva M. Immunohistochemical expression of MPL as a new marker for essential thrombocythemia and primary differential diagnosis of myelofibrosis.Leukemia research.2012; 36: 93-97.
  594. Popoveniuc G, Jonklaas J. Thyroid nodules.North America medical clinics. 2012; 96:329-34.
  595. Postov MA, Carvajal RD. Therapeutic implications of KIT in melanoma.Rak j.2012; 18(2): 137-41.
  596. Prescott JD and Zeiger MA. RET oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Rak. 2015;121: 2137-2146.
  597. Poyet C, Hermanns T, Zhong Q et al. Positive fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 immunoreactivity is associated with low-grade, non-invasive bladder cancer.oncology letters. 2015; 10: 2753-2760.
  598. Pu X, Hildebrandt M, Lu C et al. Genetic variation in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTor pathway predicts long-term toxicity and progression in lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Author's manuscript.Lung cancer. 2011; 71(1): 82-88.
  599. Puccetti E, Beissert T, Güller S et al. Leukemia-associated translocation products capable of activating RAS modify PML and render cells sensitive to arsenic-induced apoptosis.Oncogenes.2003; 22:6900-6907.
  600. Pulido M, Roubaud G, Cazeau AL et al. Safety and efficacy of temsirolimus as a second-line treatment in patients with recurrent bladder cancer.Rak BMC. 2018; 18(194): 1-9.
  601. Qasem E, Murugan AK, Al-Hindi H, et al. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: a report from a Middle Eastern population.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2015;22(6): 901-908.
  602. Pulido M, Roubaud G, Cazeau AL et al. Safety and efficacy of temsirolimus as a second-line treatment in patients with recurrent bladder cancer.Rak BMC. 2018; 18(194): 1-9.
  603. QUASAR Collaborative Group: Adjuvant chemotherapy and follow-up in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.Lanceta. 2007; 370:2020-2029.
  604. Quinn DI, Henshall SM, Head of DR et al. Prognostic value of p53 accumulation in the nucleus in localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.Direct Resolution. 2000; 60: 1585-1594.
  605. Rampurwala M, Rocque G, Burkard M. An update on adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer.breast cancer: Basic and clinical research.2014; 8: 125-133.
  606. Ratner ES, Keane FK, Lindner R et al. The KRAS variant is a biomarker of poor prognosis, resistance to platinum chemotherapy and a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.Oncogenes.2012; 31: 4559-4566.
  607. Ravandi F, O'Brien S, Jones D et al. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: experience from a single institution.Clinical lymphoma and myeloma.2005; 6(3): 234-239.
  608. Ravdin P, Siminoff L, Davis G et al. A computer program to support decision-making in adjuvant treatment in women with early breast cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2001; 19(4): 980-991.
  609. Rebouisso S, Franconi A, Calderaro J et al. The CTNNB1 mutation genotype-phenotype correlation reveals the differential activity of β-catenin associated with liver tumor progression.Hepatology. 2016; 64(6): 2047-2061.
  610. Rebouissou S, Herault A, Letoze E et al. Homozygous CDKN2A deletion is associated with muscle invasion in FGFR3-mutated bladder cancer.Patol J. 2012; 227: 315-324.
  611. Reckamp KL. Targeted therapy in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018; 16(5.5): 601-604.
  612. Ravdin P, Siminoff L, Davis G et al. A computer program to support decision-making in adjuvant treatment in women with early breast cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2001; 19(4): 980-991.
  613. Reeve T, Thompson NW. Complications of Thyroid Surgery: How to Avoid Them, How to Treat Them, and Notes on Their Possible Impact on the Whole Patient.world journal of surgery. 2000; 24: 971-5.
  614. Rekhtman N, Leihl NB and Somerfield MR. Summary of Molecular Screening Guidelines for Screening Patients with Lung Cancer for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology endorsed by the College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer lung/association for molecularly oriented pathology.J Clinical Oncology. 2014;32(32):3673-3679.
  615. Rekhtman N, Pietanza MC, Hellmann MD et al. Next-generation sequencing of large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma reveals similar subsets of small and non-small cell carcinomas.Clin Cancer Res. 2016; 22(14): 3618-3629.
  616. Ricci C, Fermo E, Corti S et al. RAS mutations contribute to the evolution of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to a proliferative variant.Cancer Clinical Research.2010; 16(8): 2246-2256.
  617. Roche-Lestienne C, Lepers S, Soenen-Cornu V et al. Molecular characterization of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) in 35 French patients with normal conventional cytogenetics.Leukemia.2005; 19: 792-798.
  618. Rodriguez-Vida A, Saggese M, Hughes S et al. Complexity of FGFR signaling in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.J Hematol Oncol. 2015; 8(119): 1-8.
  619. Roh MH, Yassin Y, Miron A et al. High-grade fimbria-ovarian carcinomas are patterned by altered expression of p53, PTEN, and PAX2.Modern pathology.2010; 23: 1316-1324.
  620. Romanus D, Cardarella S, Cutler D et al. Cost-effectiveness of multiplexed screening of prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. JTorac Oncol. 2015;10(4): 586-594.
  621. Rosatto L, Avenia N, Bernante P et al. Complications of thyroid surgery: analysis of a multicenter study of 14,934 patients operated on in Italy over 5 years.world journal of surgery. 2004; 28(3):271-6.
  622. Rosenfeld N, Aharonov R, Meiri E et al. MicroRNAs precisely identify the origin of cancerous tissue.Biotechnology from nature.2008; 26: 462-469.
  623. Ross JS, Wang K, Al-Rohil RN et al: Advanced urothelial carcinoma: next-generation sequencing reveals diverse genomic alterations and therapeutic targets.Mod Pathol. 2014; 27: 271-280.
  624. Rossing M., Borup R., Henao R. et al. Downregulation of microRNAs that control carcinogens in follicular thyroid carcinoma.Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2012; 48, 11–23.
  625. Roupret M, Catto J, Coulet F et al. Microsatellite instability as an indicator of MSH2 gene mutation in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.J Med Genet.2004; 41: e91.
  626. Russo A, Sala P, Alberici P et al. Prognostic significance of MLH1 and MSH2 mutations in patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.Cancers.2009; 95(6): 731-738.
  627. Sabha N, Knobbe C, Maganti M et al. Analysis of IDH mutations, 1p/19q deletion, and PTEN loss determines prognosis in low-grade clinical diffuse gliomas.Neuro-Oncology.2014; 16(7): 1-10.
  628. Sacher, R. A. Advances in gene expression profiling in multiple myeloma.HemOnc today.2010; 11 (23).
  629. Sakai T, Nishida Y, Hamada S et al. Non-phospho-β-catenin immunohistochemical staining as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for COX-2 inhibitor therapy in patients with retroperitoneal desmoid fibromatosis.diagnostic pathology. 2017; 12(66): 1-9.
  630. Salehian B and Samoa R. RET gene abnormalities and thyroid disease: who should be tested and when.J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5(S1): 70-78.
  631. Sanguedolce F, Cormio A, Bufo P et al. Molecular markers in bladder cancer: new research frontiers.Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci.2015; 52(5):242-255.
  632. Santarpia L, Myers JN, Sherman SI et al. Genetic alterations in Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways in follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma.Rak.2010; 116: 2974-83.
  633. Santoro M and Carlomagno F. The central role of RET in thyroid cancer.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013; 5: a009233. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009233
  634. Santos I, Franzon C, Koga A. Laboratory diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and progression to acute leukemia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: morphological characteristics and immunophenotypic profile.Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter.2012; 34(3): 242-244.
  635. Sargent R, Jones D, Abruzzo L et al. Adapted comparative genomic hybridization based on oligonucleotide array as a clinical test for genomic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2009; 77(1): 25-34.
  636. Schmitt AM, Pavel M, Rudolph T et al. Prognostic and predictive roles of MGMT protein expression and promoter methylation in sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.neuroendocrinologia. 2014; 100: 35-44.
  637. Schneider B, Riedel K, Zhivov A et al. Frequent and as yet unreported mutations of GNAQ and GNA11 occur in uveal melanomas.Research in Pathology and Oncology. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-017-0371-7
  638. Schnittger S, Bacher U, Haferlach C et al. Characterization of AML with the NPM1 mutation with a history of myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative neoplasms.Leukemia. 2011; 25: 615-621.
  639. Schnittger S, Eder C, Jeromin S et al. ASXL1 Exon 12 mutations are common in intermediate-risk AML and are independently associated with an adverse outcome.Leukemia.2013; 27(1): 82-91.
  640. Schrader J, Henes FO, Perez D et al. Successful mTOR inhibitory therapy for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with a germline TSC2 mutation.Annals of Oncology. 2017; 28(4): 904-905.
  641. Schrag D, Rifas-Shiman S, Saltz L et al. Use of adjuvant chemotherapy in Medicare beneficiaries with stage II colon cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20(19):3999-4005.
  642. Schröder J, Kolkenbrock S, Tins J et al. Analysis of thrombopoietin receptor (C-MPL) mRNA expression in De Novo acute myeloid leukemia.Leukemia research.2000; 24(5): 401-409.
  643. Schulz WA: Understanding urothelial carcinoma through neoplastic pathways.Int J Rak. 2006; 119: 1513-1518.
  644. Schwarz JK, Payton JE, Rashmi R et al. Pathway-specific analysis of gene expression data identifies the PI3K/Akt pathway as a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.Clin Cancer Res. 2012; 18: 1464-1471.
  645. Sempoux C, Bisig B, Couchy G et al. Malignant transformation of β-catenin inflammatory adenoma due to S45 β-catenin activating mutation present 12 years earlier.human pathology. 2017; 62: 122-125.
  646. Senkus E, Kyriakides S, Ohno S et al. Primary Breast Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines.Annals of Oncology.2015; 26(5): 8-30. doi:10.1093/announce/mdv298
  647. Sepulveda A, Hamilton S, Allegra C et al. Molecular biomarkers for the evaluation of colorectal cancer, American Society of Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines.J Mol Diagn. 2017; 19 ust. 2; 187-225.
  648. Seront E, Rottey S, Sautois B et al. Phase II study of everolimus in patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract: clinical activity, molecular response, and biomarkers.Annals of Oncology. 2012; 23(10): 2663.-70.
  649. Sestak I, Cuzick J. Markers to identify late breast cancer recurrence.breast cancer research. 2015; 17(10): 1-8. DOI 10.1186/s13058-015-0516-0
  650. Sestak I, Cuzick J, Dowsett M, et al. Prediction of late recurrence at a distance after 5 years of endocrine therapy: a pooled analysis of patients from Austrian breast cancer and colorectal cancer study group 8 and Arimidex, tamoxifen alone or in randomized pooled trials using PAM50 recurrence risk assessment.J Clin Oncol.2014; 33: 916-922.
  651. Sestak I, Cuzick J, Dowsett M, et al. Prediction of delayed distant recurrence after 5 years of endocrine therapy: pooled analysis of patients from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group 8 and Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combined Randomized Trials using the PAM50 Recurrence Risk Scale.J Natl Cancer Inst.2013; 105: 1504-11.
  652. Sestak I, Cuzick J, Dowsett M, et al. Prediction of late recurrence at a distance after 5 years of endocrine therapy: pooled analysis of Austrian study group 8 patients with breast and colorectal cancer and arimidex, tamoxifen alone or in pooled randomized controlled trials using the PAM50 recurrence risk score.American Society of Clinical Oncology.2015; 33(8): 916-925.
  653. Sestak I, Dowsett M, Zabaglo L et al. Factors predicting late recurrence of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst.2013 (Advanced Access released September 12, 2013).
  654. Sethakorn N and O'Donnell PH: Spectrum of genomic changes in FGFR3: current evaluation of a potential role for FGFR3 in advanced urothelial carcinoma.BJU Int. 2016; 118: 681-691.
  655. Sfakianos JP, Cha Ek, Iyer G, et al. Genomic characterization of urothelial carcinoma of the upper respiratory tract.Eur Urol. 2015; 68(6): 970-977.
  656. Sharma A, Yeow WS, Ertel A et al. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor controls androgen signaling and progression of human prostate cancer.J Clin Invest. 2010; 120(12): 4478-4492.
  657. Shaughnessy Jr JD, Zhan F, Burington BE et al. The validated model of gene expression in high-risk multiple myeloma is defined by the dysregulated expression of genes mapped to chromosome 1.Blood.2007; 109: 2276-2284. Epub 2006 14 listed.
  658. Shaughnessy, J.D. et al. TP 53 deletion is not an undesirable feature in multiple myeloma treated with total therapy 3.British Journal of Hematology.2009; 147: 347-351.
  659. Sheu SY, Grabellus F, Schwertheim S et al. Differentiated profiles of miRNA expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma variants and encapsulated follicular tumors of the thyroid gland.british journal of cancer. 2010;102:376-382.
  660. Shih LY, Huang CF, Lin TL et al. Heterogeneous patterns of CEBPα mutation status in the progression of myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to acute myelogenous leukemia.Clin Cancer Res.2005; 11: 1821-1826.
  661. Shoushtari AN, Carvajal RD. GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in uveal melanoma.melanoma research. 2014; 24: 525-534.
  662. Siemiątkowska A, Bieniaszewska M, Hellmann A, Limon J. JAK2 and MPL gene mutations in V617F-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms.leukemia research. 2010; 34: 387-389.
  663. Sikkema-Raddatz B, Johansson LF, de Boer EN et al. Next-generation targeted sequencing could replace Sanger sequencing in clinical diagnostics.human mutations. 2013; 34: 1035-1042.
  664. Symbol M, Mafficini A, Sikora KO et al. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: deep sequencing of four World Health Organization histotypes reveals chromatin remodeling genes as key players and a prognostic role for TERT, RB1, MEN1, and KMT2D.Patol J. 2017; 241: 488-500.
  665. Simon R. Lost in Translation Problems and pitfalls in translating laboratory observations into clinical utility.Eur J Rak.2008; 44(18): 2707-2713.
  666. Simon R. Moving from Correlative Sciences to Predictive Oncology.EPMA Magazine.2010; 1: 377-387.
  667. Simon R, Paik S, Hayes D. Use of archived samples in assessing prognostic and predictive biomarkers.JNCI comments.2009; 101(21): 1446-1452.
  668. Simon R, Richter J, Wagner U et al. High-throughput tissue microarray analysis of 3p25 (RAF1) and 8p12 (FGFR1) copy number changes in bladder cancer.Direct Resolution. 2001; 61: 4514-4519.
  669. Skowrońska A, Parker A, Ahmed G et al. Biallelic ATM inactivation significantly reduces survival in patients treated by the UK Leukemia Research Fund Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 4 Study.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2012; 30 (36): 4524-4532.
  670. Smith DL, Lamy A, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, et al. Multiplex technology platform for rapid analysis of clinically applicable genetic alterations and validation of BRAF p.V600E detection in 1549 cytology and histology specimens.Pathology laboratory medicine archives. 2014; 138: 371–378.
  671. Sokol L, Caceres G, Rocha K, Stockero KJ, Dewald DW, List AF. The JAK2V617F mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with del(5q) arises in genetically incompatible clones.Leukemia research.2010; 34: 821-823.
  672. Sotlar K, Fridrich C, Mall A et al. Detection of Asp-816 c-kit → Val point mutation in single mast cells and leukemic cells taken from a microprep in a patient with systemic mastocytosis and concomitant chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.Leukemia research.2002; 26(11):979-984.
  673. Sorensen SV, Goh JW, Pan F et al. A cost-of-illness model based on the incidence of metastatic breast cancer in the United States.International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.2012; 28(1): 12-21.
  674. Spano J, Lagorce C, Atlan D et al. The influence of EGFR expression on the prognosis and survival of patients with colorectal cancer.Annals of Oncology. 2005; 16; 102-108.
  675. Spector Y, Fridman E, Rosenwald S et al. Development and validation of a microRNA-based diagnostic test for the classification of renal cell carcinomas.Molecular Oncology.2013; 7:732-738.
  676. Starczynowski DT, Vercauteren S, Telenius A, et.al. High-Resolution Genome-Wide Stacking Pathway CGH Analysis © Thinkstock CGH analysis of CD34+ cells from patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome reveals enigmatic changes in copy number and predicts overall and leukemia-free survival.Blood.2008; 112(8): 3412-3424. doi: 10.1182/sangue-2007-11-122028
  677. Stinchcombe TE, Roder J, Peterman AH et al. Retrospective analysis of the status of VeriStrat against the results of a randomized phase II trial of first-line treatment with gemcitabine, erlotinib, or the combination in elderly patients (aged 70 years or older) with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC.J Thorac Oncol.2013; 8(4): 443-451.
  678. Stokowy T, Wojtas B, Krajewska J, et al. Two miRNA classifiers distinguish follicular thyroid carcinomas from follicular thyroid adenomas.Molecular Cell Endocrinology. 2015; 399: 43-49.
  679. Stoll SJ, Pitt SC, Liu J et al. Thyroid hormone replacement after thyroid lobectomy.Surgery. 2009; 146 (4): 554–560.
  680. Strimbu K, Tavel JA. What are biomarkers?Current opinion on HIV and AIDS.2010; 5(6): 463-466. doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed177
  681. Suh JH, Johnson A, Albacker L et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling facilitates implementation of National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for testing lung cancer biomarkers and identifies patients who may benefit from participation in mechanism-based clinical trials.Oncologist. 2016; 21:684-691.
  682. Sun Ch, Chang YH, Pan CC et al. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway correlates with tumor progression and reduced survival in patients with urothelial bladder cancer.Histopathology. 2011; 58(7): 1054-1063.
  683. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Endpoints (SEER). SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Colon and Rectal Cancer, 2015. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html
  684. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Endpoints Program (SEER). Overview of Cancer Statistics 1975-2011. Section 26. Thyroid. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/browse_csr.php?sectionSEL=26&pageSEL=sect_26_table.22.html. Accessed February 12, 2015
  685. Świerniak M, Wojcicka A, Czetwertynska M, et al. Detailed characterization of the microRNA transcriptome in normal thyroid and papillary thyroid carcinoma.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. two thousand thirteen; 98: E1401-1409.
  686. Takahashi K, Jabbour E, Wang X et al. Dynamic acquisition of FLT3 or RAS lesions leads a subset of low-risk MDS patients to secondary AML.Leukemia.2013; 27: 2081-2083.
  687. Tan GH, Gharib H. Thyroid incidentaloma: an approach to treating non-palpable nodules discovered incidentally during thyroid imaging.Annals of Internal Diseases. 1997; 126(3): 226-31.
  688. Tan HL, Sood A, Rhimi HA et al. Loss of Rb is characteristic of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate.Clin Cancer Res. 2014; 20(4): 890-903.
  689. Tanaka S, Miyagi S, Sashida G et al. Ezh2 enhances leukemia by increasing differentiation block in acute myelogenous leukemia.Blood.2012; 120 (5): 1107-1117.
  690. Tasianakas A. Bohm MR, Getova V et al. Cutaneous metastases in metastatic uveal melanoma: GNAQ/GNA11 mutation analysis as a valuable tool.British Journal of Dermatology. 2013; 169: 160-163.
  691. Taye A, Guirciullo D, Miles BA et al. Clinical performance of the next-generation sequencing assay (ThyroSeq v2) in the evaluation of unspecified thyroid nodules.Surgery. 2018; 163(1): 97-103
  692. Technology Assessment in Genetic Testing or Molecular Pathology Testing of Cancers with Unknown Primary Site to Determine Origin (http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/ technology-assessments-details.aspx?& MEDCACid =67&bc= AAAAAAAAAAAAA&TAId=90&)
  693. Tetzlaff MT, Liu A, Xu X et al. Differentiated expression of miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to multinodular goiter using paraffin-fixed and formalin-fixed tissues.endocrine pathology. 2007; 18: 163–173.
  694. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Cell. 2014; 159: 676–690.
  695. Tournigand C, Andre T, Bonnetain F et al: Adjunctive treatment with fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in stage II and older patients (70 to 75 years of age) with colon cancer: subgroup analyzes of a multicenter multicenter trial of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin in the Colon Cancer Treatment Adjunctive Study.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30(27): 3353-3360.
  696. Thyroid Cancer. Clinical Thyroidology for the Society of the American Thyroid Society. 2017;10(8):12-13.
  697. Tricoli JV, Gumerlock PH, Yao JL et al. Retinoblastoma genetic alterations in human prostate adenocarcinoma.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1996; 15: 108-114.
  698. Tsianakas A, Bohm MR, Getova V et al. Cutaneous metastases in metastatic uveal melanoma: GNAQ/GNA11 mutation analysis as a valuable tool.British Journal of Dermatology. 2013; 169: 160-163.
  699. Tufano RP, Teixeira GV, Bishop J, Carson KA, Xing M. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its value in early adaptive treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine.2012; 91(5): 274-286.
  700. Tunbridge, WM, Evered DC, Hall R et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in the community: the Whickham study.Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford). 1977; 7: 481-493.
  701. Uegaki K, Kanamori Y, Kigawa J et al. PTEN-positive and Phosphorylated-Act-negative expression is a predictor of survival for patients with advanced endometrial cancer.Oncology Reports.2005; 14: 389-392.
  702. Ueland FR, Desimone CP, Seamon LG et al. Effectiveness of the multivariate index test in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian tumors.Obstet Gynecol.2011; 117(6): 1289-97.
  703. Updated Clinical Utility Summary dated 11/3/14 (Note: This summary does not show the original [or original] data from the study, only otherwise published results.)
  704. Vaiman M, Nagibin A, Hagag P et al. Hypothyroidism after partial thyroidectomy.Otolaryngology: Head and neck surgery. 2008; 138(1): 98-100.
  705. Valderrabano P, Leon ME, Centeno BA et al. Institutional incidence of malignancies on unspecified thyroid cytology is necessary but not sufficient for accurate interpretation of molecular marker tests.European Journal of Endocrinology. 2016; 174(5): 621-629.
  706. van Amerongen RA, Retel VP, Coupe VMH et al. Next-generation sequencing in patients with NSCLC and melanoma: a cost and budget analysis.Medical Sciences. 2016; 10:684:1-16.
  707. van Broekhoven DL, Verhoef C, Grunhagen DJ et al. Prognostic value of CTNNB1 gene mutation in primary sporadic aggressive fibromatosis.Ann Surg Oncol. 2015; 22: 1467-70.
  708. van den Bent M, Dubbink H, Yannick M et al. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are prognostic but not predictive of outcomes in anaplastic oligocardiac tumors: a report from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Brain Tumor Cancer.Clin Cancer Res.2010; 16(5): 1597-1604.
  709. van den Bent M, Gravendeel L, Gorlia T et al. Hypermethylated phenotype is a better predictor of survival than MGMT methylation in anaplastic oligodermal brain tumors: EORTC study report 26951.Clin Cancer Res.2011; 17(22): 7148-7155.
  710. Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR. The importance of non-toxic thyroid nodules. Final report of a 15-year study on the incidence of thyroid malignancies.Annals of Internal Diseases. 1968; 69: 537–540.
  711. van Oers JM, Zwarthoff EC, Rehman I et al. FGFR3 mutations indicate better survival in invasive cancers of the upper urinary tract and bladder.Eur Urol. 2009; 55: 650-658.
  712. Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G et al. Common GNAQ somatic mutations in uveal melanoma and blue nevus.Nature. 2009; 457: 599-602.
  713. Van Raamsdonk CD, Griewank KG, Crosby MB et al. Mutations in GNA11 In uveal melanoma,N English J Med. 2010; 363(23):2191-2199.
  714. Van Rhijn BW, Lurkin I, Radvanyi F et al. Mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a strong indicator of superficial bladder cancer with a low rate of recurrence.Direct Resolution. 2001; 61: 1265-1268.
  715. van Rhijn BW, van der Kwast TH, Liu L et al. The FGFR2 mutation is associated with favorable pT1 bladder cancer.J Urol. 2012; 187: 310-314.
  716. Van Rhijn BW, Vis AN, van der Kwast TH et al. Molecular staging of urothelial cell carcinoma with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and MIB-1 is better than pathology score in predicting clinical outcome.J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21(10): 1912-1921.
  717. Varadhachary GR, Abbruzzese JL, Lenzi R. Diagnostic strategies for unknown primary cancer.Rak.2004; 100: 1776-85.
  718. Varella-Garcia M, Brizard F, Roche J et al. Aml1/ETO and Pml/RARE rearrangements in AML-M2 acute myeloblastic leukemia with T(15;17).Leukemia and lymphoma.1999; 33: 403-406.
  719. Verbruggen MB, Sieben NLG, Roemen GMJM et al. Murine sarcoma oncogene v-Raf viral mutation status in borderline serous ovarian tumors.Int J Gynecol Rak.2009; 19: 1560-1563.
  720. Verstovsek S. Advanced systemic mastocytosis: impact of KIT mutations on diagnosis, treatment and progression.European Journal of Hematology.2013; 90(2):89-98.
  721. Vijayvergia N, Boland PM, Handorf E et al. Molecular profiling of neuroendocrine tumors to identify prognostic and therapeutic markers: a Fox Chase Cancer Center pilot study.british journal of cancer. 2016; 115: 564-570.
  722. Villaruz LC, Socinski MA, Abberbock, S, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients with BRAF mutations in the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium.Rak. 2015; 121:448-456.
  723. Viola D, Valerio L, Molinaro E et al. Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with targeted therapies: 10 years of experience.Cancer related to the endocrine system. 2016;23: R185-R205.
  724. Viudez A, Carvalho FL, Maleki Z et al. A new prognostic immunohistochemical (IPS) score for recurrence and survival in resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs).Oncoalvo. 2016; 27(18): 24950-24961.
  725. Volante M, Rapa I, Gandhi M et al. RAS mutations are the dominant molecular alteration in poorly differentiated thyroid cancers and have a prognostic effect.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2009; 94(12): 4735-4741.
  726. Wada H, Matsuda K, Akazawa Y et al. The expression of somatostatin receptor type 2A and PTEN in neuroendocrine tumors is related to tumor stage, but not to the site of origin.Patol endokr. 2016; 27: 179-187.
  727. Wallden B, Storhoff J, Nielsen T et al. Development and validation of the PAM50-based Prosigna Breast Cancer Gene Signature Test.BMC Medical Genomics.2015; 8: 54. doi: 10.1186/s12920-015-0129-6.
  728. Walter M, Payton J, Ries R et al. Acquired copy number changes in adult acute myeloid leukemia genomes.PNAS.2009; 106 (31): 12950-12955.
  729. Walter MJ, Ding L, Shen D et al. Recurrent DNMT3A mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.Leukemia.2011; 25: 1153-1158.
  730. Walter RFH, Vollbrecht C, Christoph D et al. Massive parallel sequencing and digital gene expression analysis reveal potential mechanisms to overcome resistance to therapy in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.cancer diary. 2016; 7(15): 2165-2172.
  731. Walter T, van Brakel B, Vercherat C et al. 06-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status in neuroendocrine tumors: prognostic significance and association with response to alkylating agents.british journal of cancer. 2015; 112: 523-531.
  732. Wang CC, Friedman L, Kennedy GC et al. A large multicenter study of the correlation of cytopathology of thyroid nodules and histopathology.Thyroid. 2011; 21:243–251.
  733. Wang H, Tso V, Wong C et al. Development and validation of a highly sensitive urine test for the identification of patients with adenomatous colonic polyps.Clinical and translational gastroenterology. 2014; 5(e54): 1-8. doi:10:1038/ctg.2014.2.
  734. Wang L, Ignat A and Axiotis CA. Differential expression of PTEN tumor suppressor protein in fetal and adult neuroendocrine tissues and tumors: Progressive loss of PTEN expression in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms.Applied immunohistochemistry and molecular morphology. 2002; 10(2): 139-146.
  735. Wang Y and Dai B. PTEN genomic deletion defines favorable prognostic biomarkers in localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(4): 5430-5437.
  736. Wang X, Dai H, Wang Q et al. EZH- mutations are associated with a low rate of bone marrow blasts and -7/del(7q) in De Novo acute myelogenous leukemia.PLOS ONE.2013; 8 (4): 1-6.
  737. Ware Miller R, Smith A, DeSimone CP et al. Performance of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for ovarian cancer referrals with a multivariate index test.Obstet Gynecol.2011; 117(6): 1298-306.
  738. Watanabe Y, Ueda H, Etoh T et al. An alteration in hMLH1 promoter methylation is the cause of acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer.Anticancer research.2007; 27: 1449-1452.
  739. Weisbrod AB, Zhang L, Jain M et al. Altered expression of PTEN, ATRX, CHGA, CHGB and TP53 is associated with aggressive VHL-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Rak Horma. 2013; 4: 165-175.
  740. Wells Jr SA, Asa SL, Dralle H et al. Revised American Thyroid Society guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Thyroid. 2015;25(6): 567-610.
  741. Wolff E.M., Liang G, and Jones P.A. Mechanisms of disease: Genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to bladder cancer.Nature Clinical Urology. 2005; 2(10): 502-510
  742. Xie H, Xie B, Lui C et al. Association of PTEN expression with biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer: results based on previous reports.Oncoterapia. 2017; 10: 5089-5097.
  743. Xing M. Molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of thyroid cancer.Nature Reviews: Cancer. 2013; 13: 184-99.
  744. Xiong W, Wu X, Starnes S et al. Analysis of the clinical and biological significance of TP53 loss and identification of potential new TP53 transcriptional targets in multiple myeloma.Blood.2008; 112(10): 4235-46.
  745. Yamada Y, Cancelas J. FIP1L1/PDGRa-related systemic mastocytosis.Int Arch Alergia Immunol.2010; 152 (Supplement 1): 101-104.
  746. Yang J, Schnadig V, Logrono R et al. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: study of 4703 patients with histological and clinical correlations.Cancer (cancer cytopathology). 2007; 111(5): 306-15.
  747. Yang S, Wang X, Jiang H et al. Successful treatment of aggressive fibromatosis with celecoxib under the guidance of genetic testing.Biology and therapy dear. 2017; 18(10): 757-760.
  748. Yang Y, Shao N, Luo G et al. PTEN gene mutations in gliomas correlate with tumor differentiation and short-term survival rates.Anticancer research.2010; 30(3): 981-986.
  749. Yassa L, Cibas ES, Benson CB et al. Long-term evaluation of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules.Cancer (cancer cytopathology). 2007; 111: 508–16.
  750. Yeganeh MZ, Sheikholeslami S and Hedayati M. Detection of RET proto-oncogene mutations and prevention of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Asia Pac J Anterior Cancer. 2015;16(6): 2107-2117.
  751. Yip L, Farris C, Kabaker AS et al. Influence of molecular testing costs on fine needle aspiration biopsies of unspecified thyroid nodules.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 97(6): 1905-12.
  752. Yip L. Molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of thyroid cancer.Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2015; 111: 43–50.
  753. Yip L, Wharry LI, Armstrong MJ et al. The clinical algorithm for fine needle aspiration molecular testing effectively determines the appropriate extent of initial thyroidectomy.Annals of Surgery. 2014; 260: 163–168.
  754. Yoon SY, Li CY, Tefferi A. c-Mpl megakaryocyte expression in chronic myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndrome: immunoperoxidase staining patterns and clinical correlates.Eur J. Haematol.2000; 65: 170-174.
  755. Yuan ZM, Yang ZL, Zheng Q. Dysregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid tumors.Journal of Science B of Zhejiang University. 2014; 15: 212-224.
  756. Yun CH, Mengwasser KE, Toms AV et al. The T790M mutation in the EGFR kinase causes drug resistance by increasing affinity for ATP.Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008; 105(6): 2070-2075.
  757. Zeng W, Nakao S, Takamatsu H et al. Characterization of the bone marrow T cell repertoire in immune-mediated aplastic anemia: evidence for the involvement of an antigen-mediated T cell response in cyclosporine-dependent aplastic anemia.Blood.1999; 93 (9): 3008-3016.
  758. Zenz T, Eichhorst B, Busch R et al. TP53 mutation and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of Clinical Oncology.2010; 28 (29): 4473-4479.
  759. Zhan F, Barlogie B, Mulligan G et al. High-risk myeloma: A gene expression-based risk stratification model for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with high-dose therapy predicts outcome upon relapse when treated with bortezomib monotherapy or high-dose dexamethasone.Blood.2008; 111: 968-969.
  760. Zhan F, Huang Y, Colla S et al. Molecular classification of multiple myeloma.Blood.2006; 108: 2020-2028.
  761. Zhang GN, Liu H, Huang JM et al. Platinum resistance associated with TP53 K351N mutation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Gynecological Oncology.2014; 132(3): 752-757.
  762. Zhang HY, Zhang PN, Sun H. Aberration of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer and its effect on cisplatin-based chemotherapy.European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2009; 146: 81-86.
  763. A via Zhang Z and Wang M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR in lung carcinoids.oncology letters. 2017; 14: 1373-1378.
  764. Zhou K, Jiang L, Shang Z et al. potential applicationIDH1EUIDH2Mutations as prognostic markers in non-promyelocytic acute myelogenous leukemia: a meta-analysis.Leukemia and lymphoma.2012;53: 2423-2429.
  765. Zhou Y, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy Jr JD. Molecular characterization and clinical management of multiple myeloma in the post-genomic era. Highlight review.Leukemia.2009; 23: 1941-1956.
  766. Zhong Y, Chen B, Feng J et al. Relationships of Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) A830G polymorphism and treatment outcomes in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.Leukemia and lymphoma.2010:1115-1120.
  767. Zucman-Rossi J, Jeannot E, Nhieu JT et al. Geotypic-phenotypic correlation in hepatocellular adenoma: new classification and association with HCC.Hepatology. 2006; 43: 515-524.
  768. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/reviews/K081754.pdf
  769. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cftopic/pma/pma.cfm?num=p030052
  770. http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Practice+%26+ Guidelines/Guidelines/Clinical+Practice+Guidelines/ American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology+ Provisional+Clinical+Opinion%3A+Epidermal+ Growth+Factor+Receptor+% 28EGFR%29+Mutation+testing+for+patients+with+advanced+non-small+cells+lung+cancer+first-line+consideration+EGFR+Tyrosine kinase inhibitor++%28TKI%29+Treatment
  771. http://www.cms.gov/medicar-coverage-database/details/medcac-meeting-details.aspx? MEDCACid=67&bc=AAAIAAAAAAAAAAA%3d%3d& (MeDCAC Minutes as of May 1, 2013 will be posted between July 1 and September 1, 2013)
  772. http://www.egappreviews.org/recommendations/colorectal.htm
  773. http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Productsand MedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsand Clearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ ucm294907.htm
  774. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm268241.htm
  775. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm310899.htm
  776. http://www.gen-probe.com/products-services/progensa-pca3
  777. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/775368
  778. http://www.nationalcmlsociety.org/living-cml/monitoring-tests
  779. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/biomarkers/default.asp
  780. http://www.novitas-solutions.com/webcenter/faces/oracle/webcenter/page/scopedMD/ sad78b265_6797_4ed0_ a02f_81627913bc78/ Page41.jspx?wc.contextURL=%2Fspaces%2F MedicareJH&wc.originURL= %2Fspaces%2FMedicareJ H%2Fstrona % 2F pagebyid&contentId =00024692&_afrLoop= 2523822121000#%40%3F_ afrLoop%3D2523822121000%26wc. originURL%3D%252Fspaces%252F MedicareJH%252Fpage% 252Fpagebyid%26 contentId%3D00024692%26wc. contextURL%3D%252 Fspaces%252F MedicareJH%26_adf.ctrl-state %3Dxegaeqb38_128

Extensive face-to-face consultations with CAC representatives and nationally recognized experts were conducted to help link the above medically necessary languages ​​and procedures to the diagnostic codes.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Patricia Veum II

Last Updated: 05/27/2023

Views: 6002

Rating: 4.3 / 5 (64 voted)

Reviews: 87% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Patricia Veum II

Birthday: 1994-12-16

Address: 2064 Little Summit, Goldieton, MS 97651-0862

Phone: +6873952696715

Job: Principal Officer

Hobby: Rafting, Cabaret, Candle making, Jigsaw puzzles, Inline skating, Magic, Graffiti

Introduction: My name is Patricia Veum II, I am a vast, combative, smiling, famous, inexpensive, zealous, sparkling person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.